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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Men involved in scientific pursuits are often referred to as "men of _____ and science."
(a) Intellect.
(b) Mathematics.
(c) Letters.
(d) Education.

2. How many Negro towns were formulated as a result of community restrictions?
(a) 30.
(b) 10.
(c) 25.
(d) 40.

3. Who was responsible for "chipping away" at the 14th Amendment in the late 1800s?
(a) National Guard.
(b) Federal government.
(c) President.
(d) Supreme Court.

4. Who was president at the time of the event?
(a) Herbert Hoover.
(b) Franklin Roosevelt.
(c) James Buchanan.
(d) Zachary Taylor.

5. The segregation issue also caused another issue, this time regarding a student's _____.
(a) Transportation.
(b) Level of education.
(c) Economic status.
(d) Age.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the leader of the National Urban League?

2. The segregation of Southern schools remained an issue even after the Supreme Court decision handed down in what year?

3. What was the name of the agreement reached between the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP and the Atlanta School Board?

4. What was the name of the governor that violated the federal mandate to allow integration in the school?

5. Who was one of the staunch liberals that permitted a drastic change in the Southern newspapers?

Short Essay Questions

1. What violation of civil rights was caused and supported by the regression of blacks?

2. What is considered to be the key year in the Civil Rights Movement? What non-violent protest action came into popularity?

3. What event precipitated the end of public school segregation? In what year did the event take place?

4. What was believed to be the cause of the Second Reconstruction?

5. How did the Jim Crow laws change beginning in 1920?

6. What was the message given to the Negroes from white industrialists? How did it affect nationwide racism?

7. What major action taken in Arkansas caused a national uproar? What happened as a result of the actions?

8. What happened when the courts finally set up a strict implementation plan? Who was in charge?

9. What common enemy helped to ease racial tensions? What was the common goal? Who supported the goal?

10. Describe the riots that took place during 1919. How many cities experienced the racial violence?

(see the answer keys)

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