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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Bacon suggest should be observed similar to Machiavellian philosophy?
(a) the futility of the aristocratic form of government
(b) how to discipline the masses
(c) what men do rather than what they should do
(d) who has the most power

2. To what end does Socrates develop his Socratic Method?
(a) to test the assumptions of his pupils
(b) to impress the multitudes
(c) to perfom biological experiments
(d) to open a private university

3. What is Voltaire's literary output?
(a) ninety-nine volumes
(b) three plays, four novels, and 100 essays
(c) hundreds of manuscripts
(d) fifty-four volumes of work

4. By the thirteenth century A. D., how does the Church unite the European continent?
(a) by persecution of heresy
(b) by common faith and supernatural sanctions
(c) by millitancy and fear
(d) by common language and desires

5. What philosopher and statesman does Francis Bacon aspire to be like?
(a) Cicero
(b) Salon
(c) Copernicus
(d) Seneca

Short Answer Questions

1. Where does the Jewish migration along the Danube and Rhine rivers take the Jews?

2. What philosophy does Bacon accept in his Essays?

3. Who in Voltaire's life is the young wife of a French Marquis who is away with his regiment?

4. Where is a meeting held to discuss the Republic?

5. What does Aristotle establish in Athens?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who are the students of Socrates?

2. Describe Aristotle's idea of what a man's goal in life should be.

3. How does Bacon's reconstruction exceed the work of Aristotle?

4. Describe Spinoza's synonymous dichotomies.

5. Explain Aristotle's definition of God.

6. Explain why Spinoza gives up everything for philosophy.

7. How does Spinoza's education come from questions he wants answers to?

8. How does Plato differentiate between emotion and knowledge?

9. Describe the mathematical form of Spinoza's approach to his philosophy.

10. Describe Voltaire's The Essay on Morals.

(see the answer keys)

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