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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What turnover rate did Wilson and MacArthur predict for Krakatau?
(a) Five species a year.
(b) Ten species a year.
(c) One species a year.
(d) Three species a year.

2. What was Lovejoy's response to the questions Simberloff and Abele raised?
(a) He created larger nature reserves.
(b) He designed a controlled experiment of his own.
(c) He created smaller nature reserves.
(d) He tried to keep nature reserves close to one another.

3. What was the result of the experiment Wilson and MacArthur undertook to prove their Krakatau hypothesis?
(a) The data showed that repopulation was much slower than predicted.
(b) The data showed that repopulation brought much more variety than had originally existed.
(c) The data matched their predictions.
(d) The data showed that repopulation was much faster than predicted.

4. How did Carl Jones protect the Mauritius kestrels when their population began to recover?
(a) Domesticating the kestrels.
(b) Breeding the species that provide food for the kestrel.
(c) Trapping kestrel predators.
(d) Killing other birds that would compete for food.

5. According to Jared Diamond, a nature reserve has to have what characteristics, in order to support a large number of species?
(a) Far away from human habitation.
(b) Large and near other reserves.
(c) Close to agricultural land.
(d) On an island.

6. Where do the indri live?
(a) Hawaii.
(b) Madagascar.
(c) Sri Lanka.
(d) Tasmania.

7. What factors did Simberloff and Abele cite in their challenge to Wilson and MacArthur's hypothesis?
(a) Adaptive radiation and endemism.
(b) Size change and relictualism.
(c) Competition and adaptation.
(d) Competition dispersal ability and number of species.

8. What human actions make island biogeography applicable in this new location?
(a) Division of ecosystems.
(b) Development of reservoirs for water supplies.
(c) Suburban sprawl.
(d) Expansion of cities.

9. What was the state of Lovejoy's plan when Quammen visited the sites with him?
(a) Lovejoy had determined the ideal number of acres for a nature reserve.
(b) Lovejoy had determined to make many small reserves in an area, allowing development.
(c) No conclusions had been reached.
(d) Lovejoy had determined to make nature reserves as large as possible.

10. What was Thomas Lovejoy's interest in the debate about the size of reserves and the number of species they support?
(a) He was in charge of creating natural reserves.
(b) He was in charge of setting conservation policy.
(c) He was in charge of determining whether species were endangered.
(d) He was in charge of government policy on forestry.

11. What strategy was Karen Strier opposed to using, for preserving the muriqui population?
(a) Relocating some families. Working with the muriqui families on an individual basis.
(b) Hunting down poachers.
(c) Imposing limits on environmental encroachment.
(d) Breeding the muriqui in captivity.

12. What was Lovejoy's strategy in his plan?
(a) To exterminate all animals in an area and study how the area was repopulated.
(b) To diminish the size of nature reserves and track the number of species over time.
(c) Count the number of species in rainforest islands.
(d) To import animals into nature reserves.

13. What point does Quammen make by describing his sighting of the species he sought on Aru?
(a) That species are in danger regardless of their magnificence.
(b) That extinction is looming not only for this species but for the entire ecosystem it lives in.
(c) That it is just a matter of time before these animals are extinct.
(d) That magnificent species survive in spite of human activity.

14. What did William Newmark determine in his findings?
(a) That the number of species is less valuable than the number of predators in indicating the health of an ecosystem.
(b) That species count and reserve area are not always correlated.
(c) That species proliferate differently in different kinds of ecosystems.
(d) That species count and reserve area correlated.

15. What does Quammen believe happened to Bedo?
(a) He made people angry by raising consciousness as he talked with people from many different walks of life.
(b) He made people uncomfortable being around white people a lot of the time.
(c) He made enemies among the hunters.
(d) He made people jealous with the money he was making as a guide.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did the Mauritius kestrel population begin to decline?

2. How many individuals were thought to be required for long-term genetic adaptability?

3. How long did Wilson and MacArthur predict it would take for species to reach equilibrium on Krakatau?

4. What was the previous theory that governed speciation on islands?

5. What was the conclusion Soule and Gilpin came to regarding the Texas question?

(see the answer keys)

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