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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What are the human and demonic enemies of the invading Indo-Aryans?
(a) Saramas.
(b) Agnus.
(c) Panis.
(d) Atmans.

2. Indra splits open a _____ to release trapped cows.
(a) Ocean.
(b) Giant egg.
(c) Boulder.
(d) Cave.

3. What was used to protect female mourners instead of mascara or eye-shadow, as stated in the "Burial Hymn"?
(a) Ash mixed with olive oil.
(b) Ritually purified butter.
(c) Clay from sacred ground.
(d) Blessed berry juice.

4. The horses of Indra in "The Sacrifice of the Horse" are _____.
(a) Two bay stallions.
(b) Two roan mares.
(c) Two dapple grays.
(d) Two grey donkeys.

5. An Asura is a form of high ____.
(a) Devotion.
(b) Catechism.
(c) Divinity.
(d) Priesthood.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the male element of the newborn sun or fire?

2. Who is a kavi?

3. What is the name of the sacrificial drink pressed from a plant?

4. "The Sacrificial Priests" is described as a kind of _____ for priests.

5. Max Muller dubs the unknown god _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the function of the "Royal Consecration" hymn, and what would accompany it?

2. What is the significance of the membrane in "The Gods Coax Agni Out of the Waters"?

3. What does the hymn, "The Sacrificial Priests", liken the work of the priests to? How?

4. What is the sacrificial horse identified with?

5. What is the role of the goat in "The Sacrifice of the Horse" and for whom does it do this?

6. What are the first ritual laws called, and what is their purpose?

7. What is the meaning of the horse carrying the body in "Requiem for a Horse"?

8. Who are the Angirases and with whom are they often linked?

9. What is the distinction between food that is for the gods and food that is for the dead fathers?

10. How is butter visualized in the hymn, "Butter"?

(see the answer keys)

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