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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Spencer describe the compulsion he had to work on the fawn-child?

2. In Chapter 6, where was Spencer’s show challenged to be indecent and blasphemous?

3. Why did Spencer decide that the fawn-child was not a ruminant?

4. How old was Miriam Helmer when Spencer grafted wings onto her back?

5. What seasons was the carnival open?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Spencer treat Miriam Helmer?

2. Was Spencer able to provide financially for his family by touring with the carnival?

3. Why did Spencer have to leave the World’s Columbian Exposition early?

4. What was the first creature that Spencer created for his show?

5. What creature did Spencer create that was too grotesque for his audiences?

6. What did Spencer decide to do for a living after he could no longer work at the academy?

7. Why was Spencer arrested in Marris County, New York?

8. What happened to Samuel?

9. How did Dr. Joab A. Holace describe Spencer in a medical journal in July 1884?

10. How was the Codex described?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Spencer began a special surgical program in Chapter 3. What was the purpose of the program? What types of conditions were helped? Why did Spencer abandon this program?

Essay Topic 2

Spencer Black was a rising young doctor.

a. What made Spencer an internationally known physician?

b. Why did he become scorned by the scientific community?

Essay Topic 3

Dr. Gregory Black dug up corpses for his work. What was Dr. Black’s reputation? Why did he rob graves? How did his work and reputation compare to his son Spencer’s work and reputation? Did Spencer rob graves in later years? How was his work different from his father’s.

(see the answer keys)

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