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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following people is alone in advocating a strong defense for Nanking in November of 1937?
(a) Chiang Kai-shek.
(b) Tang Sheng-chih.
(c) Chang Tien-Chun.
(d) Frank Xing.

2. In "Six Weeks of Horror," Chang states that prior to the war, the population of Nanking is about how many people?
(a) Six million.
(b) Eight thousand.
(c) One million.
(d) One hundred thousand.

3. All BUT WHICH of the following groups of citizens remain in Nanking after the soldiers leave the city?
(a) Poor.
(b) Government leaders.
(c) Children.
(d) Elderly.

4. In what year does the Meiji government of Japan send a naval fleet to Korea to force a commerce agreement?
(a) 1876.
(b) 1675.
(c) 1990.
(d) 1794.

5. Tuberculosis strikes the first commander of the Japanese military. Who then takes over as the leader of the troops around Nanking?
(a) Matsui.
(b) Nakajima.
(c) Asaka.
(d) Yanagawa.

Short Answer Questions

1. By which decade does the author state in "The Path to Nanking" that Japan had launched an undeclared war on China?

2. In "The Nanking Safety Zone," which individual does Chang first discuss?

3. Japan succeeded in accomplishing war with China during the summer of which year?

4. Kirby states that all BUT WHICH of Japan's following actions took place in stark contrast to conventional rules of warfare?

5. Which of the following does the author NOT discover is a published book on the subject of Nanking?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what way can we now think of Nanking as a different sort of turning point, according to Kirby?

2. Describe the preparations the Chinese government ordered the citizens to undertake in order to prepare for possible invasions after the fall of Shanghai.

3. According to Kirby, what haunts Chinese-Japanese relations today, and why?

4. Briefly describe the five methods of torture used by the Japanese soldiers in their attempt to exterminate the population of Nanking.

5. Chang states in the Introduction that the Rape of Nanking surpasses many of the world's most barbaric events. To which events does she refer, and why was Nanking worse?

6. Briefly describe Robert Wilson's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

7. What factors contribute to the end of Japan's golden era of prosperity, as discussed in "The Path to Nanking"?

8. Describe the methods used by the Japanese army to subdue the larger Chinese population of Nanking, as described in "Six Weeks of Terror."

9. What was Japan's isolationist foreign policy intended to accomplish, and in what ways did that policy backfire?

10. As discussed in "Six Weeks of Horror," why will the world never fully understand the psychic toll taken on the women of Nanking, despite best efforts to accurately count the number of rapes?

(see the answer keys)

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