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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When John Winthrop found himself in considerable debt, what two friends wrote from London offering to loan him money, according to the author in Chapter 12: “New England or Old”?

2. When did Richard Bellingham arrive in Massachusetts?

3. After Winthrop moved the colony headquarters to Charlestown, he summoned the assistants for their first meeting on what date?

4. Richard Bellingham is said to have been a lawyer in England and a member of Charles I’s Parliament of what year?

5. In what year was Richard Bellingham first elected as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Short Essay Questions

1. What power did the clergy have in the Massachusetts settlement, according to the author in Chapter 11: “The New England Way”?

2. What did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter grant in terms of the establishment of a government for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

3. Why did John Winthrop’s choice regarding the English Civil War prove to be advantageous to the Puritans, as discussed by the author in Chapter 12: “New England or Old”?

4. How did the Puritans perceive the relationship between church and state, according to the author in Chapter 11: “The New England Way”?

5. When did Roger Williams come to New England? How was his arrival in the colony described in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

6. What type of government did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter entitle the officers to establish for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

7. When was the “Body of Liberties” adopted in Massachusetts? What did this document contain?

8. How does the author describe the changes in the colony during the years when John Winthrop was overthrown as governor in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

9. What ordinance does the author describe Nathaniel Ward as having introduced in Chapter 11: “The New England Way”?

10. What forced John Winthrop to reveal the stipulations of the charter to the colonists, according to the author in Chapter 8: “Leniency Rebuked”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Examine the hardships of the colonists at Plymouth, Jamestown, and Cape Ann. How many of the original settlers in these colonies died? How did they die? What threats faced the colonists? How many of these original colonists returned to England?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss John Winthrop’s initial election as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Who voted in this election? Why was Winthrop chosen? What qualities did the leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony see in Winthrop that they felt would qualify him for a leadership position?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss His Majesty’s Court of Wards and Liveries. When was the Court of Wards and Liveries established? What was its purpose? How did the court evolve by the time that Winthrop worked there as an attorney? What did Winthrop think of his work at the court?

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