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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Some writers in the Bible say that emotions and feelings have been inspired by whom?

2. Heschel said that some of the beliefs that the prophets were frauds came from an era when people wanted what?

3. Heschel points out that having a friendship with God doesn't mean what?

4. To what does Heschel compare the descriptions of prophecy?

5. When was Marcion expelled from his church?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Heschel think it is hard for people to understand the wrath of God?

2. What was Spinoza's idea about the prophets and does Heschel agree?

3. Why does Heschel say Karma is opposed to prophetic thinking?

4. Who was Marcion?

5. How does Heschel think much of the Bible should be looked at?

6. What is ecstasy?

7. Describe one theory of the state of mind of the prophets at the time they were receiving the words of God.

8. How does Heschel explain the beliefs that the prophets were frauds?

9. What does Heschel say gives the prophets the courage to speak out?

10. How does Heschel describe the concerns of the prophets?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Justice was an important theme for the prophets. Define what justice meant to the prophets. Discuss what problems there were with justice. Pick two prophets and explain how they dealt with the issue of justice.

Essay Topic 2

How does Heschel explain God's wrath? How does he answer the objection of those who find it hard to understand how a righteous God can be angry? Is there a difference between anger and wrath, in terms of humans, and/or in terms of God? Should humans look at natural disasters as the wrath of God or as the power of God?

Essay Topic 3

Choose one of the following prophets: Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah, Habakkuk, and Second Isaiah. Discuss the prophet in detail, including who he is, where he came from, what he did, his prophecy, etc.

(see the answer keys)

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