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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The "horseless carriage" was developed by whom?
(a) Orville Wright
(b) Alexander Graham Bell
(c) Henry Ford
(d) Thomas Edison

2. The U.S. established what to contain the Soviets and deal with British financial issues after WWII?
(a) The Wilson Doctrine
(b) The Marshall Plan
(c) The Churchill Pact
(d) The Roosevelt Doctrine

3. What was the name of the pipeline that stretched from Texas to the East Coast?
(a) The Dog Collar
(b) Little Pip
(c) Big Inch
(d) The Alamo Bootstrap

4. Shell employees at Balikapan in Borneo reacted to Pearl Harbor how?
(a) They increased production, drilled new wells, and exported oil to the U.S.
(b) They slowed production, hid oil supplies, and built bunkers for themselves.
(c) They stepped up production and prepared to expand the operation.
(d) They stopped production, sabotaged wells, and set wharves ablaze.

5. In 1944, the Allies targeted what with bombings in Germany?
(a) German submarines
(b) Concentration camps
(c) Synthetic fuel plants
(d) Tank factories

Short Answer Questions

1. Which German commander was stopped due to a lack of petrol in North Africa?

2. What agreement signed in 1944, assured "equity" to all parties, including the oil producing countries?

3. By 1915, APOC was supplying how much of the British Navy's oil needs?

4. A Bolshevik newspaper spoke of oil as what?

5. What did England sign in 1907 to foil German penetration into the Middle East?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the war years called? Why are they called this?

2. What tensions existed between the United States and Britain after the war? Why?

3. What was part of Hitler's motivation to invade Russia? Why? Was he successful?

4. What was the Japanese war plan based on? Did these premises come true?

5. Describe the exploration for oil that took place as Pennsylvania became depleted? Where was oil found?

6. How did WWI affect the oil industry and consumption of oil?

7. What was the meeting at Achnacarry Castle about? Who was involved? What was the outcome?

8. How did Britain become involved in developing D'Arcy's oil fields in the Middle East? What were the reasons for Britain's interest?

9. What invention threatened Standard's profits? What product did Standard begin focusing on? Was this strategy successful?

10. What plans did Adolf Hitler have that depended on oil? What helped him in his projects to get away from Western oil?

(see the answer keys)

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