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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. E.D. Cope based his theory in #92 on the idea that the ____________ brought on earlier maturation.

2. "______________ proved an irresistible criterion for any scientist who wanted to rank human groups as higher or lower."

3. Binet spend a lot of time measuring skulls to see the correlation between size and intelligence, like Broca claimed, but his findings did not correlate with the __________ designation of smart and dumb.

4. The answer to #114 became a way to measure the ___________ of the children, and thus their IQ levels.

5. What kinds of measures did Binet turn his attention to when he realized skull measuring wasn't effective?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Havelock Ellis' major claim in his study of the measurement of bodies in order to determine value?

2. What did Binet find when he went to various schools to test out Broca's theory of head measurement?

3. How were Burt's papers and data related to his studies destroyed?

4. What did Gould feel about Eysenck's arguments for black inferiority?

5. Was factor analysis the right technique to use in intelligence testing?

6. What did Binet do in order to fulfill the obligations of his commission in 1904?

7. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

8. What did Burt try to claim he had developed, though it was later shown to be a false claim?

9. Define the idea of recapitulation.

10. Who was Sir Cyril Burt?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Another researcher of brain size was Paul Broca. This professor of surgery used numbers which Gould is unsure were legitimate in order to show, one again, the inferiority of blacks.

Part 1: What does Gould think Broca did before doing his research that affected the results?

Part 2: What were Broca's numbers and results based on?

Part 3: In what way were Broca's studies biased?

Essay Topic 2

One of the popular craniometry scientists was Robert Bennett Bean. This Virginian physician again tried to find the differences between whites and blacks in order to prove the disparity of intelligence.

Part 1: What did Bean gather data on for his research study?

Part 2: What was Bean claiming as the results of his research? What were the differences between the two races?

Part 3: What were 2 of the 4 arguments Gould had again Bean's research?

Essay Topic 3

The idea of testing children in schools is one that is a normal part of life today, but it can have many issues in its effectiveness and in its logic. Binet understood this, and yet still seems to have created more problems in terms of studying intelligence in children.

Part 1: What are some of the problems that stemmed from Binet's test, related to the idea that intelligence is inevitable?

Part 2: What are some ways that heredity is confused within and between groups in relation to Binet's test?

Part 3: Many American psychologists did not follow Binet's rules for using his tests. What belief did this lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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