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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Flaws in the experimental design, according to Gould, do not lead to _________ in the numbers.
(a) proper graphs
(b) usefulness
(c) the right sums
(d) credibility

2. Who was the skull collector that had more than one thousand different skulls?
(a) Stephen Gould
(b) Benjamin Franklin
(c) Samuel Morton
(d) Louis

3. Science means looking for the ________ based on facts.
(a) answer
(b) reality
(c) truth
(d) theory

4. According to Gould, science must be viewed in its ________ context since culture and environment also influence facts and theories.
(a) social
(b) biological
(c) ethnic
(d) racial

5. Bean compared the _______ of blacks and whites to prove his view of the inferiority of blacks.
(a) arm lengths
(b) heights
(c) eyes
(d) brains

Short Answer Questions

1. Where did Francis Galton have a display in 1884?

2. Who believes blacks are inferior but that intelligence should not be tied to the right for freedom?

3. Hume believed there was never a __________ nation that wasn't made of white men.

4. Socrates' friend does not believe his ideas, saying that it is a lie and that ________ generations won't believe it, but ________ generations might.

5. Which view was based on the idea that inferior races can not be linked to the whites because they started from a separate group of DNA and people?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is biological determinism used in regards to the measurement of intelligence of people in society?

2. Who was Francis Galton and what did he do for the scientific study of intelligence measurement?

3. What are 2 of the four points Gould keeps in mind as he examines the studies of the researchers in this book?

4. What did David Hume believe about white men?

5. What does Gunnar Myrdal have to say about the situation of ranking people in society?

6. In the opening of this book, Gould quotes Socrates as saying all people should be educated and that they will belong to whom in order for society to remain stable?

7. Who are two of the famous figures from history who are noted as believing in the inferiority of the blacks?

8. If given the races of Indian, Black, and White, how would these be ranked, according to the early craniometry methods?

9. What does Gould want to study in relation to the science related to the arguments for biological determinism?

10. What is the special designation that craniometry holds in relation to the study of ranking and intelligence?

(see the answer keys)

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