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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Henry James had a relationship with _________ who like him disliked institutionalization and systems.

2. During the Civil War _________ spent ninety days with the Newport Artillery, but then spent the rest of the war studying medicine at Harvard.

3. Quetlet published several pieces that pointed to societal factors instead of biological factors. Which country in Europe were unsure of his work?

4. Holmes sat on the Supreme Court for _______ years.

5. While in Brazil, ________ found the people there to be 'refined and gentlemanly' and had to reconsider previous beliefs.

Short Essay Questions

1. Though John Dewey was often considered to be a liberal, what were some of his true views?

2. How did the Abolitionists view the Unionists during the period of the Civil War?

3. What did the Civil War allow Congress to create as it became more active than any other time in history?

4. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

5. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

6. What business did the Civil War destroy, though it did not interfere with the textile industry in New England?

7. What did Quetlet use the method of least squares for when he was doing his own research?

8. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

9. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

10. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Congress during the time of the Civil War was said to more active than ever before, according to the Preface.

Part 1: Why do you think the Civil War was a time when Congress was able to be more active?

Part 2: Why was it necessary for Congress to become a progressive leader during this time?

Part 3: Do you think government should have been more or less active at this time, knowing what we do now?

Essay Topic 2

Many of the great thinkers in this book worked on ideas about probability and the laws of errors.

Part 1: Why do you think probability was such a hot topic in those days?

Part 2: Why do you think society wanted to learn more about probability? How would these findings influence their lives?

Part 3: Do you think probability is an important topic of study? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

The disagreement with the idea of creationism and evolution began early on in educational discourse.

Part 1: Why do you think people clung so tightly to the story of creation?

Part 2: In what ways might creationism and evolutionary theory work together?

Part 3: Do you side with evolutionary thinkers or creationism thinkers? Why?

(see the answer keys)

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