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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Battle of the Wilderness was fought by generals Lee and ________.
(a) Wright.
(b) McClellan.
(c) 'Stonewall Jackson.'
(d) Grant.

2. Holmes sat on the Supreme Court for _______ years.
(a) 16.
(b) 13.
(c) 10.
(d) 14.

3. ___________was a physician from Montgomery, Alabama that did not agree with slavery but was afraid of Black people.
(a) George Glidden.
(b) William James.
(c) Josiah Nott.
(d) Louis Agassiz.

4. When the expedition to Brazil returned, _________ gave lectures about evidence of the Ice Age in Brazil.
(a) Charles Darwin.
(b) William James.
(c) Elisabeth Agassiz.
(d) Louis Agassiz.

5. Wright believed that ___________ is the difference between facts and values.
(a) Constructivism.
(b) Positivism.
(c) Negativism.
(d) Pragmatism.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which person was not a member of the 'Septum'?

2. Henry James Sr. rebelled against his father and took up religion in the form of ___________.

3. ___________ published many newspaper columns and books through donations or self-publication.

4. Henry Sr. viewed _________ as he did everything, with a distrust of institutions.

5. __________ is the theory stating that races originate from separate sources.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did Charles Pierce decide he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in 1872?

2. Define Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection in conjunction with the theory of evolution.

3. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

4. How did Dr. Samuel Cartwright help to integrate polygenism in the South?

5. How did Benjamin Pierce view mathematics and its place within the scientific community?

6. Why did many people fear the idea of mathematical laws, such as the Law of Errors?

7. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

8. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

9. Why was Boston the financial center for all cotton products in the mid 19th century?

10. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

(see the answer keys)

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