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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Emerson originally propose in his philosophy?

2. What feeling characterized the beginning of Mark Twain's writing career?

3. Whom does Marx credit with predicting all the evils of industrialism?

4. What modern problem does Marx take as emblematic of man's treatment of nature?

5. What is the purpose of an epilogue?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

2. How did Emerson react to industrialism?

3. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

4. What critique did Carlyle make of industrialism?

5. How did Henry Adam's reconcile pastoralism and industrialism?

6. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

7. What is Ishmael's relationship with Ahab, in Melville's Moby Dick?

8. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

9. What was America's first response to steam power in England?

10. How developed was the land at the end of the 18th century?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did the frontier resolve the tension between pastoralism and industrialism? How did it make the tension worse?

Essay Topic 2

Manufacturing was both an evil and a source of national strength in the 18th century. How did manufacturing change the idea of industrialism, and did the acquisition of manufacturing strength redeem the loss of natural land? Who argued that it did? Who argued that it did not?

Essay Topic 3

The Bible is frequently cited as a source for the colonists' belief that they had reached a promised land where they had to have dominion and make a city on the hill, a garden out of the wilderness. Trace one biblical imperative through a few works of pastoral ideal. How does the biblical idea express itself in different works?

(see the answer keys)

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