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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Emerson say that science and technology could serve?
(a) A destructive god.
(b) Powerless men.
(c) Corrupt men.
(d) A rural ideal.

2. What did Coxe contrast manufacturing with?
(a) The trades.
(b) Cottage industry.
(c) Importation.
(d) Self-reliance.

3. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?
(a) Corrupting the youth with dreams of individualism.
(b) Increasing the gap between rich and poor.
(c) Poisoning the rivers and water.
(d) Disrupting the continuity of societies with mobility.

4. What does Ishmael symbolize, in Marx's interpretation of Moby Dick?
(a) The middleman between nature and society.
(b) The prophet to warn people against destroying nature.
(c) The victim of the whale's aggression.
(d) The representative of nature.

5. How did Emerson portray nature?
(a) As a force to be overcome.
(b) As demonic.
(c) As chaotic and disorganized.
(d) As the grand provider.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Thoreau describe modern man?

2. What part of man remained free of industrialism, in Carlyle's view?

3. What does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

4. How does Marx predict the trend toward urbanization and industrialization will be reversed?

5. What was the American response to steam power in Britain?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

2. What is the purpose of an epilogue?

3. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

4. What does Marx say the ship Pequod symbolizes in Melville's Moby Dick?

5. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

6. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

7. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

8. What is Ishmael's relationship with Ahab, in Melville's Moby Dick?

9. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

10. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

(see the answer keys)

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