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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Emerson's philosophy ultimately propose?
(a) Rejection of industry.
(b) Reconciliation of industry and nature.
(c) Urbanization of nature.
(d) Domestication of nature.

2. What feature of modern society came into existence with American industrialism?
(a) Total warfare.
(b) Unionization.
(c) Laissez-fair class structure.
(d) Strikes and riots.

3. When was man supposed to return to nature, in Thoreau's vision?
(a) For temporary respites.
(b) For permanent residence.
(c) He should keep nature alive in his cities.
(d) On weekends.

4. What role has literature played in the formation of the culture Marx describes in 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Literature spurred the developments that shaped the landscape.
(b) Literature reflected the changes after they had happened.
(c) Literature guided people as they settled the land.
(d) Literature inspired the urge to abandon farms for cities.

5. How would you describe Marx's book 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Academic.
(b) Political.
(c) Prophetic.
(d) Scientific.

Short Answer Questions

1. What conclusion about technology does the narrator reach at the end of Twain's Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

2. What should man do in nature, in Thoreau's vision?

3. What has happened to the ideal of the pastoral society, in Marx's opinion?

4. How did Americans see westward expansion, in Marx's account?

5. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

2. How did Emerson react to industrialism?

3. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

4. How did Thoreau reconcile machines and nature?

5. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

6. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

7. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

8. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

9. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

10. How developed was the land at the end of the 18th century?

(see the answer keys)

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