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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Marx say is the central theme of pastoral literature?
(a) The futility of fighting nature.
(b) The imperative to transform nature.
(c) The interruption of woodland peace.
(d) The desire to merge with nature.

2. What kind of existence did Barlowe describe having encountered in his travels?
(a) Idyllic.
(b) Dangerous.
(c) Tumultuous.
(d) Savage.

3. How did Barlowe describe the indigenous people he encountered?
(a) As barbaric and cruel.
(b) As simple and virtuous.
(c) As evil and plotting.
(d) As naïve and untrustworthy.

4. What did the new world fail to offer newcomers, in typical accounts?
(a) Power.
(b) Civilization.
(c) Art.
(d) Wealth.

5. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?
(a) The reality of history.
(b) Urbanization.
(c) Industrial modernism.
(d) Extractive industries.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Marx characterize Prospero and members of the court?

2. What human structure did Barlowe describe America in terms of?

3. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?

4. How have the relationships between the city and country changed in American industrial pastoralism?

5. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

2. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought by the time of Jefferson?

3. What view did the colonists take of the New World in the early years of colonization?

4. What ideal does the conclusion to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' suggest, in Marx's interpretation?

5. What is complex pastoral ideology?

6. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

7. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

8. When did complex pastoral ideology begin to appear in American culture?

9. How did Shakespeare's characters describe the ideal society?

10. How did Jefferson describe the frontier in his Notes on Virginia?

(see the answer keys)

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