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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the first settlers see Virginia, in Beverly's history?
(a) As a purgatory.
(b) As a promised land.
(c) As a pestilential swamp.
(d) As a desert.

2. Which leisure activity does Marx identify as revealing the influence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Theatre.
(b) Travel.
(c) Flying.
(d) Hiking.

3. Who typically espouses the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Industrialists.
(b) Engineers.
(c) Urban planners.
(d) Politicians.

4. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?
(a) Settlers brought progress, but the natives didn't want it.
(b) Natives wanted progress, but then they hated themselves.
(c) Settlers wanted a paradise, but replicated their towns and government.
(d) Whites wanted peace with the natives, but took their land to start wars.

5. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?
(a) Indigenous people.
(b) Political intrigue.
(c) American colonization.
(d) Natural spirituality.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?

2. Which characters are engaged in the final struggle in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

3. How were frontiersmen typically portrayed by easterners in Jefferson's time?

4. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?

5. In Jefferson's time, how did the eastern farmers come to see nature, as a result of their work?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

2. What feature of American culture allowed Jefferson's ideal to survive for 100 years?

3. How did Jefferson separate America and Europe in his Notes on Virginia?

4. What does Marx mean when he says that America offered a middle way for men?

5. What is complex pastoral ideology?

6. What are the three spatial stages a person goes through in pastoral ideal?

7. Why was Beverly ultimately disappointed in the New World?

8. What discovery does Marx say we find in Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?

9. What ideal does the conclusion to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' suggest, in Marx's interpretation?

10. When did the pastoral ideal become a part of American culture?

(see the answer keys)

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