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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A place of hardship.
(b) A place of redemption.
(c) A source for good in the Old World.
(d) A refuge.

2. What were the keys to the American landscape, in the views that were the opposite of Barlowe's?
(a) Hard work and sacrifice.
(b) Conservation and reservations.
(c) Generosity and sharing.
(d) Development and expansion.

3. How does Marx characterize Prospero and members of the court?
(a) As advance agents of civilization.
(b) As victims of political power.
(c) As spokesmen for conservation.
(d) As experienced people hoping for redemption.

4. What did Jefferson ultimately conclude about industrialism?
(a) That it had to be developed.
(b) That it had to balance efficiencies with creating employment opportunities.
(c) That it had to be suppressed.
(d) That it had to be aligned with public virtues.

5. Marx writes that America offered men a middle state between what and what in the eighteenth century?
(a) Civilization and primitive life.
(b) Wilderness and domestication.
(c) Comfort and exploration.
(d) Corruption and innocence.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?

2. What was Jefferson's ideal of equality democracy founded on?

3. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?

4. What does Marx say is the leading image of industrialism?

5. When was that work written, which Barlowe likely influenced--and which also influenced Shakespeare in its description of a pastoral paradise?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Marx mean when he says that America offered a middle way for men?

2. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

3. What characters does Marx cite as examples of people who have gone through those three stages?

4. What ideal does the conclusion to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' suggest, in Marx's interpretation?

5. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought by the time of Jefferson?

6. What is the pastoral ideal?

7. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

8. How did Jefferson describe the frontier in his Notes on Virginia?

9. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

10. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

(see the answer keys)

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