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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What were the keys to the American landscape, in the views that were the opposite of Barlowe's?
(a) Conservation and reservations.
(b) Development and expansion.
(c) Hard work and sacrifice.
(d) Generosity and sharing.

2. What desire does Marx describe as the opposite of Barlowe's view?
(a) The desire to know the earth mystically.
(b) The desire to tame the landscape.
(c) The desire to make the earth productive.
(d) The desire to convert the savages.

3. What is the first stage of life that Marx describes through Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Life in religion.
(b) Return to nature.
(c) Life in the city.
(d) Life in nature.

4. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?
(a) Corrupt government.
(b) Filthy cities.
(c) An industrial capacity.
(d) Opposition to expansion.

5. How did the first settlers see Virginia, in Beverly's history?
(a) As a purgatory.
(b) As a promised land.
(c) As a desert.
(d) As a pestilential swamp.

6. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Terza rima.
(b) Landscape painting.
(c) Homeric versa.
(d) Trompe l'oeil paintings.

7. What would people live on, in Gonzalo's ideal world?
(a) Money from exports.
(b) Nature's bounty.
(c) Natives' produce.
(d) Imported grain.

8. What was Jefferson's ideal of equality democracy founded on?
(a) The free market.
(b) Fostering entrepreneurship.
(c) Protecting individuals from industrialism.
(d) A government that encouraged self-reliance.

9. For what occasion did Jefferson write his Notes on Virginia?
(a) At a French Diplomat's request.
(b) As an inventory when he was governor.
(c) Upon his travels to Europe.
(d) For leisure.

10. What does Marx say Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrates?
(a) The plan for Utopia in America.
(b) The corruption of the Old World.
(c) The impossibility of the pastoral ideal.
(d) The personalities who will be required to develop America.

11. What writer does Marx credit with beginning the theme of pastoralism in literature?
(a) Virgil.
(b) Hawthorne.
(c) Plato.
(d) Homer.

12. Why did Beverly feel as he did by the end of his work?
(a) He thought that the New World could improve the natives.
(b) He thought the New World would improve the settlers.
(c) He saw a unique opportunity in the New World.
(d) He thought that the settlers and natives could work together.

13. How was Hawthorne's description interrupted?
(a) By a railroad whistle.
(b) By an Indian.
(c) By a blue jay.
(d) By a merchant.

14. How did Barlowe describe the indigenous people he encountered?
(a) As simple and virtuous.
(b) As evil and plotting.
(c) As naïve and untrustworthy.
(d) As barbaric and cruel.

15. What did colonists find in America?
(a) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(b) Virgin land.
(c) A desert they could transform into a garden.
(d) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was nature's role supposed to be in the nation's future, by Jefferson's time?

2. How does Marx describe the encroachment of industrialism?

3. What possibility did Marx hear resonating from the Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?

4. What American literature does Marx say exemplifies the three-stage theme he identified in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

5. What were Beverly's sources for his history of Virginia?

(see the answer keys)

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