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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Robert Beverly write his history of Virginia?
(a) 1703.
(b) 1690.
(c) 1620.
(d) 1607.

2. What did colonists find in America?
(a) A desert they could transform into a garden.
(b) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.
(c) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(d) Virgin land.

3. How was Hawthorne's description interrupted?
(a) By a merchant.
(b) By a blue jay.
(c) By an Indian.
(d) By a railroad whistle.

4. What other American literature does Marx say exemplifies the three-stage theme he identified in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher.
(b) Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.
(c) Morrison's Beloved.
(d) Twain's Huckleberry Finn.

5. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?
(a) Urbanization.
(b) Extractive industries.
(c) The reality of history.
(d) Industrial modernism.

6. Where was Hawthorne when he wrote the piece Marx analyzed?
(a) Yosemite, CA.
(b) Norfolk, VA.
(c) Concord, MA.
(d) Providence, RI.

7. When did the assault on American pastoralism begin, in Marx's account?
(a) 1780s.
(b) 1840s.
(c) 1850s.
(d) 1860s.

8. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?
(a) Filthy cities.
(b) Opposition to expansion.
(c) Corrupt government.
(d) An industrial capacity.

9. How did Arthur Barlowe describe America?
(a) As a harsh land.
(b) As a land of plenty.
(c) As a refuge from Europe.
(d) As a tropical paradise.

10. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Homeric versa.
(b) Trompe l'oeil paintings.
(c) Landscape painting.
(d) Terza rima.

11. When was that work written, which Barlowe likely influenced--and which also influenced Shakespeare in its description of a pastoral paradise?
(a) 1650.
(b) 1590.
(c) 1609.
(d) 1584.

12. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?
(a) At the Revolution.
(b) At the Industrial Revolution.
(c) At colonization.
(d) During the French Revolution.

13. What were Beverly's sources for his history of Virginia?
(a) Nautical charts.
(b) The sea captains' log books.
(c) The King's records.
(d) The settlers' notes and journals.

14. What secondary plot does Marx see as important for his purposes?
(a) The conflict over resource use.
(b) The struggle for poetic expression.
(c) The conflict over resource use.
(d) The struggle for domination over nature.

15. What does Marx say is the 'sentimental' pastoral ideal?
(a) Harnessing natural resources.
(b) Green, rural lifestyle.
(c) The savages' harmony with nature.
(d) Domesticating wild things.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?

2. What did Jefferson ultimately conclude about industrialism?

3. How did Jefferson describe the representative man in Notes on Virginia?

4. How had feelings about nature changed by Jefferson's time?

5. What literary work did Barlowe echo with his account of his travels?

(see the answer keys)

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