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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What secondary plot does Marx see as important for his purposes?
(a) The struggle for poetic expression.
(b) The conflict over resource use.
(c) The struggle for domination over nature.
(d) The conflict over resource use.

2. When did Thomas Jefferson publish his Notes on Virginia?
(a) 1789.
(b) 1781.
(c) 1776.
(d) 1803.

3. What virtues would the Jeffersonian man strike a balance between?
(a) Nature and civility.
(b) Literature and action.
(c) Poetry and technology.
(d) Urbaneness and wilderness.

4. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?
(a) During the French Revolution.
(b) At the Revolution.
(c) At colonization.
(d) At the Industrial Revolution.

5. What does Marx say is unique about pastoralism in the industrial age in America?
(a) Southern plantations were the first farms to perform agriculture on an industrial scale.
(b) The railroad blurred the boundary between city and country.
(c) People stopped living on farms in the late 1700s.
(d) People began to be able to visit the country from the city.

6. What does the end of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrate, in Marx's interpretation?
(a) Balance between man and nature.
(b) Balance between men and women.
(c) Justice in righting old wrongs.
(d) Fairness in dividing territory.

7. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A refuge.
(b) A source for good in the Old World.
(c) A place of redemption.
(d) A place of hardship.

8. What writer does Marx credit with beginning the theme of pastoralism in literature?
(a) Hawthorne.
(b) Plato.
(c) Homer.
(d) Virgil.

9. Which leisure activity does Marx identify as revealing the influence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Travel.
(b) Flying.
(c) Theatre.
(d) Hiking.

10. What human structure did Barlowe describe America in terms of?
(a) Garden.
(b) Church.
(c) City.
(d) Heaven.

11. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?
(a) No work.
(b) No disparity between rich and poor.
(c) No government.
(d) No need for language.

12. When did complex pastoral ideology come into existence?
(a) Nineteenth century.
(b) Eighteenth century.
(c) With colonization.
(d) Twentieth century.

13. What would people live on, in Gonzalo's ideal world?
(a) Nature's bounty.
(b) Imported grain.
(c) Natives' produce.
(d) Money from exports.

14. What did Hawthorne describe in the piece Marx analyzed?
(a) A reverie in the woods.
(b) Living in the woods.
(c) Indian wars.
(d) A whale hunt.

15. Where was Hawthorne when he wrote the piece Marx analyzed?
(a) Concord, MA.
(b) Norfolk, VA.
(c) Providence, RI.
(d) Yosemite, CA.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who typically espouses the sentimental pastoral ideal?

2. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?

3. What aspects of European civilization were the Virginia settlers glad to leave behind, in Beverly's history?

4. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought, in Marx's account?

5. How have the relationships between the city and country changed in American industrial pastoralism?

(see the answer keys)

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