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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Popper equate simplicity with?

2. In order to validate his theory, what does Popper categorize regarding frequency theory?

3. What are hypothetical estimates of frequency?

4. What law suffers from the metaphysics of induction?

5. What does Popper eliminate from the common frequency theory by using mathematical and narrative approaches?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Popper demonstrate by using probability theory?

2. What is the basis of the wave theory used by Schrödinger?

3. How is the theory of chance solved?

4. What is the concern with using infinite sequences?

5. How does Popper explain the dimensions of theories using geometry?

6. What is the basic contribution that Popper makes to the logic of the theory of probability?

7. What does Popper say about simplicity and the philosophers who emphasize its importance?

8. Why, according to Heisenberg, can measurement not be a basis for prediction?

9. What rule does Popper use when discussing the importance of probability in terms of physics?

10. What are the two main sources for hypothetical estimates of frequencies with regard to infinite empirical sequences?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Popper discusses frequency within a finite class. Discuss how this is determined and used in empirical science. Provide examples and support from the reading.

Essay Topic 2

Explain the problem of demarcation according to Popper. How does Popper feel about demarcation? How does this issue relate to empirical science? Explain your answer.

Essay Topic 3

In an essay, discuss why theories that suggest causality can only be deductive. Provide reasoning and examples for your answer.

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