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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Jugurtha motivate his troops to fight against the Romans?

2. To where does Adherbal escape with his soldiers?

3. What does Memmuis do about Jugurtha?

4. What does Sallust say men are obsessed by which controls their lives?

5. What does the Senate do in response to Jugurtha's behavior towards Adherbal?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Rome feel about Metellus's encounters with Jugurtha and what is Metellus's response to this?

2. How does the Senate respond to Jugurtha's action towards Adherbal?

3. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

4. What does Jugurtha tell his army and what do they do?

5. What does the Senate tell Jugurtha he must do about Adherbal and what is Jugurtha's response?

6. What does Memmuis tell Jugurtha he must do when Cassius brings him to Rome and how does Jugurtha get out of it?

7. How, when and why did a rift develop between Jugurtha and his brothers?

8. What does Sallust say about public office and what most men don't want and how they gain promotions?

9. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

10. How do the Romans finally arrest Jugurtha?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sallust includes a speech he makes to the people in which he says that the government is corrupt but the people should not get violent.

1. Explain how Sallust's statement about violence contradicts his positive portrayal of Jugurtha. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. The United States of America is just one of many countries that have been started by violent revolution. How does the existence of America contradict the above statement that Sallust has about corruption in government and violence?

3. Explain, in detail, how Jugurtha might have been able to peaceably obtain his goals.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss one of the following:

1. Trace and analyze the theme of manipulation and power in The Jugurthine War. Consider the following questions as you write: Which persons are most concerned with manipulation and power? Why? What are some symbols of manipulation and power? Symbols of powerlessness? Which persons seem powerless?

2. Trace and analyze the theme of hypocrisy in The Jugurthine War. Which persons seem hypocritical? Why? Which persons seem sincere? Why? Which ones seem not to care about looking good to others? What is the difference between how the two types live?

3. Trace and analyze the theme of death in The Jugurthine War. Compare and contrast how the people of the Roman era view death to the views of those in 2010. Which is most like your own view of death? Who seems afraid of dying? Not afraid? Who meets death gracefully? In resignation? With joy? With fear?

Essay Topic 3

Men joined the army where they aimed to earn renown as a hero. At that time, money and power were more in the background. He states that the Romans do not have greater literature because their people did not want to record merits but wanted their own merits celebrated.

1. There are many reasons why one might join an army. Discuss at least four reasons and whether you believe those are better reasons than to join it for fame.

2. Discuss why Sallust thinks self-aggrandizing has interfered with greater literature being produced.

3. Sallust states that money and power were more in the background at the time as far as what people wanted. Discuss why it is possible that money and power follow fame and admiration.

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