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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The druids were originally authority figures and bards and were thought to have built _______.

2. The Welsh lineage included all of the following backgrounds with the exception of _______.

3. The author claims that ancient materials and _______ are used to construct invented traditions to which new powerful rituals are tied.

4. According to the book, _______ theology undermined the Welsh culture by replacing its symbolism.

5. The author asserts that attitudes were ______ in Wales and thus there was a loss of cultural self-confidence.

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the three aspects of invented tradition that serve to keep it in place, according to this manuscript?

2. What did James Macpherson do in order to help invent the history of the Scottish people?

3. Who does the book uncover the Scots to be, unlike what many people today think of the Scottish people?

4. What are the invented concepts of which more sense can be made by the study of invented traditions?

5. Who are the three individuals mentioned by the author as being helpful for inventing a distinct history?

6. What are the three stages of the Highland tradition's creation?

7. Where were the Highland regiments fighting when they took on the wearing of the kilt?

8. What are the three different types of invented traditions, according to the book?

9. What are two of the general values that new invented traditions tend to inculcate, according to the book?

10. What did the Highland Society of London have the power to repeal, according to the book?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

When the culture was declining in Wales, the historians looked for historical practices that might remind the modern society of their past.

Part 1: Do you think that this sort of process happens in all countries?

Part 2: Why do you think the past is so important for the modern day person to remember? What benefits does this bring?

Part 3: Do you think modern society would benefit from having more emphasis on the past practices of the common person?

Essay Topic 2

The Welsh decided to invent their own history in order to redeem themselves in the eyes of the world.

Part 1: Why do you think the Welsh needed to redeem themselves? Is this the truth?

Part 2: How do you think the Welsh could have revived their own culture without dipping into anyone else's for ideas?

Part 3: Do you think any less of the Welsh, now that you know the source of some of their history?

Essay Topic 3

The preservation of Welsh traditions caused many groups to fight actively for the cause.

Part 1: What happens to a culture that is preserved by modern day citizens?

Part 2: What happens to a culture whose traditions simply die out and fade away?

Part 3: Do you think it's important to preserve all traditions in a society?

(see the answer keys)

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