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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the author in Chapter 3, three theories stood as rivals to the germ theory. What did the first theory involve?

2. The author states in Chapter 1 that there are two most important questions in science. What is the second?

3. Who wrote the book Crowds and Power?

4. When was William Henry Welch born?

5. Roughly how many nurses were serving in the U.S. military by May of 1918?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the conditions like at Camp Devens when the pandemic hit?

2. What was the most noteworthy aspect of those who were killed by the Spanish flu?

3. How did the second wave of the 1918 flu differ from the first?

4. How does pneumonia kill humans?

5. Where is the 1918 flu pandemic believed to have originated? How did it originate?

6. Who was Thomas H. Huxley?

7. What was the significant impact that the 1918 flu had on the human immune system?

8. Describe the narrative style of the Prologue. From what perspective is it related?

9. Who was Xavier Bichat and for what was he most known?

10. For what was Émile Roux most known?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the career and death of Colonel Charles Hagadorn. Where was Colonel Charles Hagadorn stationed? What was his position? What decisions did he make that were important in relation to the pandemic? How did he die?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the 1918 flu pandemic in comparison with another outbreak of disease in the past 100 years (AIDS, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.). How are they similar? How are they different? What aspects of each outbreak stands out?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the career of Richard Pfeiffer. What was Richard Pfeiffer's major discovery? How did that discovery come into play in the search for the pathogen of the 1918 flu? Was this a search in the right direction?

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