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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the fare for the electric trolley car in the late 1800s?
(a) Twenty-five cents.
(b) Five cents.
(c) Ten cents.
(d) One cent.

2. Why did winter pose a health problem to those on the frontier according to Bettmann in "Rural Life"?
(a) People inhaled smoke in their closed houses.
(b) Flu epidemics were common.
(c) Frostbite was common.
(d) It was hard to stay healthy in drafty homes.

3. The air quality in homes was dangerous in the late 1800s because of:
(a) The smog would get trapped inside.
(b) Sewer gas from primitive drainage systems.
(c) Animals that were kept indoors.
(d) High temperatures from the heat outside.

4. In New York after the Civil War, in what area was the greatest contrast between rich and poor seen?
(a) Housing.
(b) Clothing.
(c) Family size.
(d) Job security.

5. Author Otto Bettman wished to shatter the misconceptions of the late 19th century by:
(a) Describing the westward movement.
(b) Reporting how glorious life in the late nineteenth century really was.
(c) Demonstrating what life was really like for average people.
(d) Reporting how the nineteenth century immigrants flourished in the New World.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the biggest safety threat in the vertical apartments in the late 1800s?

2. What did Bettmann cite as the main reason for the traffic problems in the cities in the late 1800s?

3. How did the electric trolley car create even bigger traffic problems for cities?

4. The weather was often an obstacle for what mode of transportation in the large cities after the Civil War?

5. What was the original purpose of the El Train?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to the chapter "Air," what were some of the problems with using a streetcar for transportation?

2. What were some of the back-breaking laborious chores that frontier women had to endure?

3. How did winter pose a health hazard on the frontier?

4. How did the electric trolley car, which was built to improve the traffic situation, actually make the traffic problem worse?

5. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

6. What two things negatively effected the mental health of homesteaders?

7. What was New York's shantytown, and who lived there in the late 19th century?

8. Which animals were a big contribution to air pollution in large cities like New York in the late 19th century?

9. How did the apartments of the late 1800s often turn into death traps for its occupants?

10. Was the fare for streetcars affordable to the working-class?

(see the answer keys)

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