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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Bettman in "Traffic," in what city was a record 330 crossing-grade deaths in one year?
(a) Chicago.
(b) Philadelphia.
(c) Boston.
(d) New York.

2. What was the biggest safety threat in the vertical apartments in the late 1800s?
(a) Fire.
(b) Lead poisoning.
(c) Unsafe water.
(d) Earthquakes.

3. How did Stewart keep as many employees working at one time as possible?
(a) He hired more than he needed.
(b) He hired men to stand over them.
(c) He kept his machines in great working order.
(d) With inadequate bathroom facilities.

4. Traffic in the large American cities in the late 1800s was:
(a) Light.
(b) Not too bad if you had a map.
(c) Horrendous.
(d) Easy.

5. What people took advantage of the tenants in the time after the Civil War?
(a) The police.
(b) The landlords.
(c) The immigrants.
(d) The merchants.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Bettmann in "Housing," why did people keep their windows closed even in the heat of summer?

2. Due to a lack of a sanitation department in the late 1800s, many streets in the large American cities were lined with what?

3. What problem did profit motives lead to for street car riders in the late 1800s?

4. In the late 19th century, where was New York's shantytown?

5. How did the electric trolley car create even bigger traffic problems for cities?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was child labor so common in the late 1800s?

2. What was the most famous sewing-related sweatshop in New York?

3. What was New York's shantytown, and who lived there in the late 19th century?

4. What two things negatively effected the mental health of homesteaders?

5. In the minds of some, what was the time between the Civil War and the early 1900s known as?

6. How does author Otto Bettman attempt to shatter the misconception of this era, and what is the result?

7. How did housing reveal the contrast between the rich and the poor in the late 1800s?

8. How did the apartments of the late 1800s often turn into death traps for its occupants?

9. What made the popular brownstone a stuffy and hazardous place to live for it's occupants?

10. How did many young people in the late 1800s react to seeing the laborious life their parents led?

(see the answer keys)

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