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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of work did the young rural girls often find in the cities in the late 1800s?
(a) In the sweatshops.
(b) No work was to be found.
(c) Selling door to door.
(d) Servant help.

2. In the era after the Civil War, what was the most dangerous sweatshop activity?
(a) Sewing.
(b) Loom operation.
(c) Tobacco stripping.
(d) Cotton weaving.

3. According to Bettman in "Traffic," in what city was a record 330 crossing-grade deaths in one year?
(a) Boston.
(b) New York.
(c) Chicago.
(d) Philadelphia.

4. Besides the lung irritation, vomiting, and sickness, what other ailment was common to those exposed to air pollution in the late 1800s?
(a) Severe cough.
(b) Migranes.
(c) Depression.
(d) Ulcers.

5. After the Civil War, how did the railroad monopoly hurt the rural farmers?
(a) It refused to haul crops.
(b) The smoke from the smokestacks ruined the crops.
(c) It charged exorbitant prices to haul crops.
(d) There were not enough railways to reach most of the farmers.

6. What work did an ancient stove require on the frontier?
(a) Scrubbing the inside of the stove.
(b) Constant feeding of wood.
(c) Maintaining the stovepipe.
(d) Use of hard to find coals.

7. Which industry featured the most brutal conditions for time and wages in the late 1800s?
(a) Textile.
(b) Auto.
(c) Steel.
(d) Railroad.

8. Before cars, what was the main source of transportation in the late 1800s?
(a) Horses.
(b) Bicycles.
(c) Walking.
(d) Subways.

9. What was one initial problem with the electric trolley car?
(a) It didn't hold enough people.
(b) It competed with the horse-drawn streetcars for space.
(c) It broke down often.
(d) It was way too slow.

10. According to Bettmann in "Rural Life," why would many young girls leave the country for the promise of the city?
(a) They would be sent to earn a wage to help the family.
(b) They watched their mothers grow prematurely old with toil.
(c) They thought they could find husbands easier in the city.
(d) Their families could no longer afford to feed them.

11. What problem did profit motives lead to for street car riders in the late 1800s?
(a) Routes that were not expanded as the city expanded.
(b) Lack of upkeep on the lines.
(c) Massive overcrowding.
(d) Unsafe vehicles.

12. What hours did Steward demand his employees work?
(a) 5:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
(b) 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
(c) 7:30 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.
(d) 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

13. What problems did the railroads add to any town in the late 1800s?
(a) Pollution and noise.
(b) Excitement.
(c) Prestige.
(d) Crime.

14. What was a popular type of big city housing during the late 1800s?
(a) Shanties.
(b) The brownstone.
(c) High-rise apartments.
(d) The suburbs.

15. What was a common difficulty for frontiersmen after the Civil War?
(a) The threat of Indians.
(b) Animals kept dying.
(c) Financial hardship.
(d) The ground often did not yield a crop.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the time after the Civil War, air pollution was:

2. According to Bettmann, what percentage of New Yorkers lived in the slums between 1868 and 1875?

3. What area in New York City had an abundance of industrial factories in the early 19th century ?

4. What was a major contributor to the contamination and disease in the wells in the late 19th century?

5. Where were the first apartments constructed?

(see the answer keys)

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