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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did parents react to child labor in the late 1800s?
(a) They hid their children with distant relatives.
(b) They encouraged it.
(c) They sued the industries that practiced it.
(d) They fought against it.

2. What did Richard M. Hunt develop to help with overcrowding and the housing shortage?
(a) The suburbs.
(b) Government sponsored housing.
(c) The vertical apartment building.
(d) Homeless shelters.

3. According to the chapter "Work," why were children sought after as employees?
(a) They took up less space.
(b) They ate less.
(c) They worked faster.
(d) They were more obedient and cheaper than adults.

4. Where were the first apartments constructed?
(a) New York City.
(b) Chicago.
(c) Los Angeles.
(d) Philadelphia.

5. What people took advantage of the tenants in the time after the Civil War?
(a) The landlords.
(b) The police.
(c) The merchants.
(d) The immigrants.

6. In the late 19th century, at what age were most workers forced to stop working due to health problems?
(a) Fifty.
(b) Fifty-five.
(c) Forty-five.
(d) Forty.

7. What kind of problem did the El Train have initially?
(a) It was loud and poorly scheduled.
(b) It didn't accomodate enough people.
(c) It was unattractive.
(d) It didn't go where riders needed it to go.

8. Women on the frontier in the late 1800s also endured the hard work of what daily chore?
(a) Sewing.
(b) Chicken care.
(c) Cooking.
(d) Laundry.

9. In large cities in the late 1800s, what animals created massive amounts of pollution problems?
(a) Horses and chickens.
(b) Chickens and pigs.
(c) Horses and cows.
(d) Pigs and horses.

10. To some, the time between the end of the Civil War and the early 1900s was known as what?
(a) "The Good Old Days."
(b) "Post War Era."
(c) "The Wild West Era."
(d) "Hard luck times."

11. What was the name of the first vertical apartments?
(a) Park Place.
(b) Stuyvesant Apartments.
(c) The New Yorker.
(d) Lakeside Apartments.

12. What major problem did window screening help with in the late 1800s?
(a) Insects.
(b) Privacy.
(c) Light control.
(d) Drafts.

13. How did most landlords treat their tenants in the late 1800s?
(a) With unfair cruelty.
(b) With a hands-off policy.
(c) Landlords kept their places nice for good tenants.
(d) With reasonable rents.

14. In the late 1800s, who was it that posed a threat to those on the frontier and instilled a sense of fear?
(a) Train robbers.
(b) Tramps and various vagrants.
(c) Cattle thieves.
(d) Runaways.

15. According to Bettmann in "Air," one observer called the worst New York industrial area a:
(a) "Heart of the New Economy."
(b) "Nasal Disaster."
(c) "Industrial wasteland."
(d) "Smog City."

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did tenants in the late 1800s have such big problems when it came to housing in the big cities?

2. What does Bettmann say street car riders in the late 1800s were encouraged to bring along on their ride?

3. In 1890, what was the ratio of railroad workers to work-related deaths?

4. According to Bettmann, what kind of wage did Stewart award his workers?

5. Traffic in the large American cities in the late 1800s was:

(see the answer keys)

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