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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the first sign of an invasion at Cannae according to Chapter 2?

2. What did the military tribune do to the Roman soldiers for the first time in history?

3. How did Hannibal know of the Roman army according to "Carthage"?

4. What was unique about the tablet Polybius studied?

5. What could cause confusion in the Roman army?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the author compare the Punic War to?

2. What was Carthage's reputation?

3. How did religion come into play?

4. What did Polybius examine when he hiked through the Alps?

5. Why did O'Connell address the history of gladiators?

6. What important survivor remained after the Battle at Cannae according to Chapter 1?

7. Who was Fabius Pictor?

8. How did some rise in military ranks?

9. What did Aristotle say about the Carthaginian government?

10. What did the Roman soldiers likely have difficulty with at Cannae?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss Hannibal's background and leadership and compare his strategies to that of Alexander the Great.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the history of the Roman legion and its structure.

Essay Topic 3

Examine the role that religion and sacrifice had for the Romans and Carthaginians.

(see the answer keys)

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