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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which pioneer political scientist drafts War Department General Order No. 100, specifying that hostages be treated as POWs?

2. Which iron side steamship rams the USS Niphon?

3. Why does the author have difficulty confirming civilian arrest records?

4. Which 20th century historian depicts Lincoln as a merciful humanitarian caught in between preserving the Union and violating civil rights?

5. What does the War Department and General E. R. S. Camby declare the Banshee?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe President Lincoln's letter to Erastus Corning.

2. How does the Mexican-American War influence Lincoln's perception of Constitutional issues?

3. What is the "White Flag Affair?"

4. Why are modern historians unable to replicate or confirm Colonel F. C. Ainsworth's study?

5. Describe Ex parte Milligan.

6. How does Clement Vallandingham's arrest affect the political climate of the North?

7. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

8. Why does Andrew D. Duff predict that President Lincoln will not allow voting in November of 1864?

9. Who is Wes Bogan?

10. What happens at Pohick Church in 1861?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe how the arrest and trial of Clement L. Vallandingham affects any bipartisan efforts between the Democratic and Republican parties. How does Vallandingham's arrest affect the publicity of the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus? How does Vallandingham's arrest affect Congress?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the purpose of Lincoln's Corning letter. Why does Lincoln feel he must explain his actions to Corning and his associates? How do Northern Democrats react to the letter? What impact does Francis Lieber's recommendation in 1864 have on later interpretations of the letter?

Essay Topic 3

Describe the different forms of civil protests used by Lincoln's opponents. How does Lincoln's administration react to these protests and what effect does that reaction have on the original purpose of the protests?

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