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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Francis Lieber recommend trials by military commission in 1864?

2. Who is Joseph G. Knapp?

3. What book does James G. Randall write that criticizes Lincoln's habeas corpus policy?

4. According to the New York Tribune, what percentage of military arrests are unjustified?

5. Why are no military trials conducted in Delaware during the Civil War?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Clement Vallandingham's arrest affect the political climate of the North?

2. Why does Horatio Seymour quote Lord Coke, by saying, "Where courts of law are open, martial law cannot be executed?"

3. How does Lincoln explain his decision to suspend the writ of habeas corpus?

4. What happens at Pohick Church in 1861?

5. Why does James Bryce liken President Lincoln to Oliver Cromwell?

6. How does Dean Sprague depict Lincoln's character?

7. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

8. Describe President Lincoln's letter to Erastus Corning.

9. What is the purpose of James G. Randall's book, "Constitutional Problems under Lincoln"?

10. Describe Ex parte Milligan.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the purpose and implementation of the Militia Act of 1862. How do a majority of Northern citizens react to the Act? What reasons are commonly given for draft evasion? How does the Union Army balance the retrieval of draft dodgers and deserters with the protection of commerce?

Essay Topic 2

Describe how fraud affects the Lincoln administration during the Civil War. What actions does Lincoln take to prevent fraud within the government? How does fraud affect the progress of the Union Army during the war?

Essay Topic 3

Describe reports of abuse among Union officials and their affect on the American people. How does the Pohick incident reflect on the Union Army? What differing opinions exist about the use of torture and how could reports of abuse and torture affect the reunification of the states?

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