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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why is Nathaniel Bachelder arrested in Chapter 3?

2. Which fraudulent company's office does the War Department raid in 1864?

3. In 1864, what bogus presidential proclamation is published in the New York "World" and the "Journal of Commerce"?

4. Why is Chauncey Burr arrested in Chapter 3?

5. What does Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles confide in his diary?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is guerrilla warfare used in the Civil War?

2. Who is Chauncey Burr?

3. How is the scorched earth policy used during the Civil War?

4. How are Jews treated by the Union in Chapter 5?

5. How is the press used by the Confederate supporters in 1864 to create panic in New York?

6. How does the War Department combat corruption during the Civil War?

7. How do Union officials react to reports of torture from prisoners of war?

8. Describe the purpose of the Habeas Corpus Act.

9. How does Lincoln's decision to suspend the writ of habeas corpus divide politicians in 1861?

10. Why do mobs from Baltimore burn bridges in 1861?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the rise and use of military commissions during the Civil War. What guidelines exist for Union Generals in reference to the arrest and trial of civilians? How do military commissions benefit the Union and what abuses are reported?

Essay Topic 2

Describe arguments for and against Lincoln's character and actions as President. Why do some early Civil War historians and Northern Democrats describe him as a dictator? How does Lincoln defend his character and actions against these accusations? In the light of history, how do most historians view the decisions he made during his administration?

Essay Topic 3

Describe the purpose of Lincoln's Corning letter. Why does Lincoln feel he must explain his actions to Corning and his associates? How do Northern Democrats react to the letter? What impact does Francis Lieber's recommendation in 1864 have on later interpretations of the letter?

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