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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does the number of extra "curled up" dimensions affect the vibration of strings?
(a) String vibration is not affected by additional dimensions.
(b) More dimensions allow for string with length in more than one direction.
(c) More dimensions require more energy for the same vibrational pattern.
(d) More dimensions provide more ways to vibrate.

2. Tears in space-time are technically termed _____.
(a) Flops.
(b) Discrete abrogation events.
(c) Zero-point alignments.
(d) Topology-changing transitions.

3. When the universe is at its smallest possible size, which other property is also at its maximum?
(a) The string coupling constant.
(b) Its temperature.
(c) The Planck tension.
(d) The cosmological constant.

4. The discovery of the tearing of space-time came from cooperation between experts in physics and _____.
(a) Engineering.
(b) Cosmology.
(c) Mathematics.
(d) Astronomy.

5. Which one of the following do physicists believe occurs at the central point of a black hole?
(a) A "white hole" is formed.
(b) Space-time becomes inverted.
(c) An infinite-time flop-transition occurs.
(d) Space-time is torn.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following will occur after the collapse of the universe as predicted by string theory?

2. How many family groups are the elementary particles divided into?

3. What materials were formed during the period of the big bang known as the "primordial nucleosynthesis"?

4. How many dimensions are necessitated by M-theory?

5. What is M-theory?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the string-coupling constant, and why is it important?

2. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

3. How are strings affected by extra dimensions?

4. What is the relationship between the elementary particles and the Calabi-Yau space?

5. Describe the phenomenon of winding in string theory.

6. What is the strong-weak duality?

7. What is a virtual string pair, and how is it formed?

8. What is the horizon problem in cosmology? How was it resolved?

9. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

10. Describe the state of the universe's expansion, including what its ultimate fate might be.

(see the answer keys)

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