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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What type of a string can be massless?
(a) An unwrapped string.
(b) A string with more than one dimension.
(c) A non-vibrating.
(d) A non-oscillating string.

2. According to the standard model of the big bang, which of the following is true of the four fundamental forces during the first moments of the universe?
(a) They were "evaporated" in the high temperature, and didn't interact with space-time.
(b) They were all melded together.
(c) They were not uniform throughout space.
(d) They were divided into eight unidentified forces.

3. At what scale of length is quantum geometry necessitated?
(a) The Riemann scale.
(b) Cosmological scales.
(c) Nanometers.
(d) The Planck length.

4. About how long did the "primordial synthesis" stage of the big bang last?
(a) Three minutes.
(b) Two years.
(c) One picosecond.
(d) Four seconds.

5. How does the shape of the extra "curled up" dimensions affect the vibration of strings?
(a) Only the wavelength of the vibration is affected.
(b) The shape does not affect the vibrational patterns.
(c) The shape determines what types of vibrations are possible.
(d) Only the total energy of the vibration is affected.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is one possible way that the three dimensions we observe could have been "stretched out"?

2. Which of the following is true regarding experimental evidence for super particles?

3. What is one of the difficulties in determining the shape of the Calabi-Yau space?

4. Which of the following is true regarding the tearing of space-time according to general relativity?

5. The extra dimension or dimensions in M-theory are needed in order to incorporate _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

2. What did Morrison and Greene discover together, and why is it important?

3. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

4. Describe the phenomenon of winding in string theory.

5. What is the origin of M-theory, and what are its basic characteristics?

6. Describe the state of the universe's expansion, including what its ultimate fate might be.

7. What is the string-coupling constant, and why is it important?

8. What is the horizon problem in cosmology? How was it resolved?

9. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

10. What is the major difference between the big bang with and without string theory?

(see the answer keys)

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