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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the collapse and reformation of a Calabi-Yau shape called?
(a) A binary transition.
(b) A conifold transition.
(c) A space-tearing flop transition.
(d) A manifold transition.

2. What is M-theory?
(a) A combination of general relativity and string theory.
(b) An open-ended string theory.
(c) A theory that would unite all branches of string theory.
(d) A specialized version of the "Heterotic A" string theory.

3. When a Calabi-Yau space collapses, it comes back as a space. What distinction does it have?
(a) It has one less hole.
(b) It has one fewer dimensions.
(c) It has no shielding against tears in space-time.
(d) It has mirror-symmetry with its old shape.

4. Who posited the existence of M-theory?
(a) Brandenberger.
(b) Witten.
(c) Greene.
(d) Plesser.

5. The extra dimension or dimensions in M-theory are needed in order to incorporate _____.
(a) Supergravity.
(b) Electromagnetism.
(c) Unwound Calabi-Yau spaces.
(d) Electroweak duality.

Short Answer Questions

1. String theory claims that super particles _____.

2. What shape allows for the vibrational patterns that we observe in our universe?

3. Riemannian geometry describes the following objects: _____.

4. Why are the extra dimensions needed in string theory?

5. What is the scientific state of the "multiverse" theory?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is the shape of the Calabi-Yau space is determined?

2. What is mirror symmetry, and what is its relevance to string theory?

3. Describe the difficulties in studying the entropy of a black hole.

4. How are strings affected by extra dimensions?

5. Describe the state of the universe's expansion, including what its ultimate fate might be.

6. Describe the history of space-time tears in physics.

7. Greene suggests that black holes are very similar to, and might in fact be, elementary particles. What evidence supports this suggestion?

8. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

9. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

10. Why are superparticles important to string theory, and how has research into these particles affected the field of string theory?

(see the answer keys)

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