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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What property does an external black hole have?
(a) The minimum possible radiation.
(b) The maximum possible mass for its charge and spin.
(c) The maximum possible internal temperature.
(d) The minimum possible mass for its charge and spin.

2. Which of the following is true regarding experimental evidence for super particles?
(a) They have been observed for a long time, and have only recently been identified.
(b) They have not been observed.
(c) They have been observed in multiple experiments.
(d) They cannot be observed experimentally.

3. About how long did the "primordial synthesis" stage of the big bang last?
(a) Three minutes.
(b) Two years.
(c) Four seconds.
(d) One picosecond.

4. Under string theory, which of the following is true regarding extra dimensions?
(a) They must all be time-dimensions.
(b) They must all be space-dimensions.
(c) Some or all of them might be time-dimensions.
(d) They must all be space-dimensions, or they must all be time-dimensions.

5. What type of a string can be massless?
(a) An unwrapped string.
(b) A non-oscillating string.
(c) A string with more than one dimension.
(d) A non-vibrating.

Short Answer Questions

1. About how long after the big bang were stars formed?

2. Kaluza's theory suggested that electromagnetism was carried by ripples in _____.

3. According to string theory, which of the following cannot occur during the collapse of the universe?

4. In ratios of what number do winding energies come?

5. Greene suggests that black holes may be elementary particles that have undergone _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relative composition of matter in the universe?

2. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

3. How is the shape of the Calabi-Yau space is determined?

4. Why are superparticles important to string theory, and how has research into these particles affected the field of string theory?

5. What is a wormhole, and how is it formed?

6. Greene suggests that black holes are very similar to, and might in fact be, elementary particles. What evidence supports this suggestion?

7. What is the relationship between the elementary particles and the Calabi-Yau space?

8. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

9. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

10. Describe the state of the universe's expansion, including what its ultimate fate might be.

(see the answer keys)

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