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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the fundamental force responsible for keeping the nucleus of an atom "glued" together?
(a) Quantum-tunneling force.
(b) Gravitational force.
(c) Potential electrical force.
(d) The nuclear-strong force.

2. In the 1800s, James Clerk Maxwell used a new mathematical framework to unite _____.
(a) Magnetism and light.
(b) Nuclear forces and gravity.
(c) Electricity and magnetism.
(d) Magnetism and gravity.

3. What rule did Max Planck discover the electromagnetic waves bounded in a container, such as an oven, must follow?
(a) The energies of all waves inside the over must cancel out to zero.
(b) They must have a whole number of peaks and troughs that fit perfectly inside the container.
(c) The frequencies of the waves must all be the same.
(d) There must be an even number of peaks and troughs.

4. Which physicist is credited with discovering that light is composed of particles?
(a) Maxwell.
(b) Einstein.
(c) Planck.
(d) Rutherford.

5. According to special relativity, which of the following is true about the passage of time for an observer moving near the speed of light?
(a) Time would pass very quickly compared to an observer at rest.
(b) No time would pass at all.
(c) Time would pass slowly compared to an observer at rest.
(d) The passage of time could not be predicted.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is different about a particle of antimatter, compared to its normal counterpart?

2. Black holes are dense and massive cosmological bodies. What unique distinction do they have?

3. What property did the double-slit experiment demonstrate that light has?

4. Which of the following is true about the tension within a string?

5. Quantum physics began with the study of the energy inside a heated, closed container, such as an oven. The problem with theories at the time was that they predicted that _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the nature and origin of quantum foam.

2. State Newton's law of gravity.

3. How does string theory reconcile quantum mechanics and the theory of general relativity?

4. What is the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and a wave's minimum energy?

5. What are strings composed of?

6. Describe the symmetry between the electromagnetism and the weak force that is predicted by quantum electroweak theory.

7. Describe a black hole, including some of its physical properties and methods by which it can be detected.

8. In physics, what is symmetry?

9. What is supersymmetry and what is its importance in string theory?

10. Adam is in his spaceship, at rest, when Ben's ship passes by, moving at nearly the speed of light. Adam observes that Ben's ship seems to be shorter than normal, and the clock on the outside of the ship is running very slowly. When he tells Ben about this, Ben claims that his ship was at rest, and that Adam passed him at nearly the speed of light. Ben also claims to have seen the same unusual problems with Adam's ship; it appeared shorter and its clock was running slowly. Adam and Ben's observations are both perfectly valid. Why?

(see the answer keys)

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