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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Machiavelli consider to be a great sign of weakness in Republic?
(a) When it relies on war to gain new territory.
(b) When it provides money to other cities that are weaker than it.
(c) When it uses diplomatic skill to cajole the support of other Republics.
(d) When it continually keeps armies out of fear of other Republics.

2. Why does Machiavelli consider it impossible to establish a perpetual Republic?
(a) Because a Republic must always send its best men to war.
(b) Because in a thousand unforeseen ways its ruin may be caused.
(c) Because all the ruling Nobles will have to be sent to colonies.
(d) Because a Republic will always have ambitious men.

3. What does Machiavelli claim causes disunity in a Republic?
(a) Fortune and leisure.
(b) Idleness and peace.
(c) Corruption and war.
(d) Wealth and industry.

4. What does Machiavelli identify as the three divisions of armies of his day?
(a) Battle Corps, Navy, and Ordinance.
(b) Cavalry, Vanguard, and Artillery.
(c) Vanguard, Battle Corps, and Rearguard.
(d) Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery.

5. On what does Machiavelli believe a Republic must be organized?
(a) The strength of its armies that can occupy provinces.
(b) The virtu of its Captains who will effectively deceive enemies.
(c) On the reputation of Citizens that give benefit to the city and avoid harming it and its liberty.
(d) The wisdom of its Nobles who will know how to use wealth.

Short Answer Questions

1. What method of dealing with leaders of tumults that divide cities does Machiavelli favor?

2. What does Machiavelli claim to be the cause of Princes losing inherited power?

3. Why does Machiavelli advise Captains to use new things at the time that he does?

4. What does Machiavelli predict comes to those Republics that are changed violently.

5. What did Roman historian Livius call Necessity?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why would there be much bloodshed in the cases that a Republic moves violently from tyranny to freedom?

2. What are two remedies that Machiavelli recommends in Book Three, section16 to prevent a City from becoming corrupted by periods of peace and wealth?

3. Why does Machiavelli consider defending an army with fortifications useless with the artillery that was new to his day?

4. What does Machiavelli believe is the consequence of insulting anyone with words?

5. What does Machiavelli write of in Book Three, Section 14 when he reviews, "...new inventions and new voices...," and why does he recommend these to be used in the heat of battle?

6. What does Machiavelli advise those who seek to change a Republic?

7. Why does Machiavelli consider sustaining an initial thrust of an enemy to be an effective strategy for winning a battle?

8. When Machiavelli uses the word "esteemed" in reference to artillery and infantry, what does he mean?

9. What does Machiavelli mean when he discusses using "...deceit in the managing of a war..." and why does he consider it a glorious thing?

10. What were the two evils that Machiavelli claims came to Rome as its Empire grew in geographical size?

(see the answer keys)

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