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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why does Machiavelli advise Captains to use new things at the time that he does?
(a) Because the new technology requires different tactics.
(b) Because the enemy won't see them in camp.
(c) Because training is the best time to determine their use.
(d) To give courage to his enemies and take it from enemies.

2. For what reason does Machiavelli advise people in power to, "...lay aside personal hatred?"
(a) To serve the freedom of the Self.
(b) To build good families.
(c) For the good of the country.
(d) To prepare for war.

3. What kinds of men are frowned upon in corrupt Republics?
(a) Excellent men.
(b) Vocal men.
(c) Scribes.
(d) Common men.

4. To whom did Machiavelli refer to demonstrate the value of poverty on the character of leadership?
(a) Caesar.
(b) Cincinnatus.
(c) Claudius.
(d) Brutus.

5. What was the difference between the tactics of the two Roman Consuls Machiavelli used as an example?
(a) Decius attacked with all his strength, Fabius used slow assault.
(b) Claudius used deception and Brutus used conspiracy.
(c) Fabius used artillery and Junius used cavlary.
(d) Decius used surprise and Octavius used infantry.

6. What were the results for the two Roman Consuls in Machiavelli's illustration?
(a) Claudius' enemy was fooled, and Brutus was discovered.
(b) Decius' soldiers became weary from the first shocks and fled, Fabius' soldiers saved their fury for the end when the enemy lost its energy.
(c) Fabius destroyed the enemy's city, and Junius was defeated by too many infantrymen.
(d) Decius caught his enemy unaware, and Octavius was defeated by artillery.

7. What does Machiavelli advise Princes in observing promises made under force?
(a) To observe them until which time they can fight for freedom.
(b) To deceive the party who forces the promise until they can make alliances that will defeat him.
(c) To observe them without reservation as they put themselves in the situation due to incompenence.
(d) That they are not to be observed when the force is removed.

8. Of what is Machiavelli critical regarding the military tactics of his day?
(a) They rely on Artillery too much.
(b) They avoid frontal assault.
(c) They do not employ Cavalry to its fullest potential.
(d) That they do not employ the tactics of ancient Rome.

9. When does Machiavelli advise Captains to try new things?
(a) While armies are engaged.
(b) Never.
(c) When it is camped in the open field.
(d) When it is training.

10. What does Machiavelli claim happens to great men in times of peace?
(a) They become corrupted and evil.
(b) They retire and slip into obscurity.
(c) They become neglected.
(d) They become tyrants.

11. What does Machiavelli consider one of the most important reasons the Roman Empire was successful in expanding its borders?
(a) It showed skill in placing Nobles in control over colonies.
(b) It kept Citizens in poverty.
(c) The Senate gave great authority to military leaders over Cities that Rome was attacking.
(d) It had laws that kept the Plebes in their place.

12. What does Machiavelli claim causes disunity in a Republic?
(a) Fortune and leisure.
(b) Wealth and industry.
(c) Idleness and peace.
(d) Corruption and war.

13. How does Machiavelli advise a Captain to consider a tactical error by an enemy?
(a) The time to strike with all strength.
(b) The time to draw the enemy into the open.
(c) Cautiously as it is probably a deception.
(d) Good fortune as it foretells victory.

14. What, according to Machiavelli, determines whether or not a Republic falls into tyranny.
(a) The reputation of its Citizens.
(b) The weakness of its Princes.
(c) The absence of its military.
(d) The corruption of its Nobles.

15. What knowledge is necessary for a Captain to be successful?
(a) The knowledge of sites (geography).
(b) The knowledge of tactics.
(c) The knowledge of the enemy.
(d) The knowledge of deception.

Short Answer Questions

1. In Book 3, Section 25, what does Machiavelli repeat to be the most useful thing to establish in a Republic?

2. What type of person does Machiavelli advise against promoting to important positions in a Republic?

3. What does Machiavelli claim to be the conduct of excellent and courageous men whether they experience good fortune or bad?

4. What opportunities come to Princes who take Machiavelli's advice in acting to take something from another Prince.

5. What is Machiavelli's preferred military department?

(see the answer keys)

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