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1. Describe the earthquake in T'ang-Ch'en in 1668.

T'ang-Ch'en is a county in Northeastern China, in the province of Shantung. In July 1668 there is an earthquake that destroys much of T'ang-Ch'en city, the capital of the county and many people are killed.

2. How is Feng K'o-t'san described in Chapter 1, the Observers?

Feng K'o-t'san is a magistrate, but is fired from his position. He stays in town doing odd jobs that scholars can do, such as writing the "Local History."

3. Describe what happens after the famine in T'ang-Ch'en in 1641.

In 1641, there is a famine in T'ang-Ch'en followed by an attack on T'ang-Ch'en city by a group of bandits. The nearby market town of Ma-t'ou is looted and destroyed, but T'ang-ch'eng is successfully defended. Soon however, the Manchus attack from the north and loot T'ang-ch'eng on their way to taking over China.

4. What kind of loot does the Manchu army take in 1643?

In 1643 a Manchu army sacks the capital city and kills most of the officials and scholars. The loot from the area includes gold, silver, silk, domestic animals and other precious items, as well as hundreds of thousands of human beings that can be ransomed or turned into slaves.

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