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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What gives Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson the idea to cool the oncoming flow of lava?
(a) Watching children play by the water.
(b) Stories he'd heard of ancestors doing the same.
(c) His post-graduate studies.
(d) Watching lava cool by the sea.

2. The oldest parts of Iceland are how old?
(a) Twenty-nine million years.
(b) Five millions years.
(c) One and a half million years.
(d) Fourteen million years.

3. How are residents and livestock evacuated from Heimaey during the 1973 eruptions?
(a) By boats, trains, and planes.
(b) By ships, planes, and boats.
(c) By trains and planes.
(d) By ships and trains.

4. In 1973, the eruptions in Heimaey begin on January 23 and continue vigorously before diminishing in strength through when?
(a) February 5th.
(b) February 25th.
(c) March 1st.
(d) January 30th.

5. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?
(a) Studying the nature of lava flows.
(b) Relocating residents directly in the path of flowing lava.
(c) Preventing lava from burying cities.
(d) Revisiting Hawaiian legends to learn more about lava.

Short Answer Questions

1. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?

2. In Heimaey, who is Sveinn Eiriksson?

3. Over two centuries of recorded history, Mauna Loa erupts how often on average?

4. Sveinn Eiriksson is a man of:

5. What do work crews call the two-million ton floating mountain that breaks off during the 1973 eruptions?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is threatened in Heimaey as a result of the unexpected volcanic eruption of 1973?

2. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

3. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

4. Describe how Heimaey residents are evacuated following the eruptions that begin unexpectedly in 1973.

5. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

6. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

7. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

8. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

9. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

10. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

(see the answer keys)

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