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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What nickname do the residents of Heimaey give to Sveinn Eiriksson?
(a) Roosevelt.
(b) Patton.
(c) Grant.
(d) Powell.

2. How does Sigurdur Steinthorsson monitor volcanic gases during the 1973 eruption?
(a) Smoking cigars.
(b) Infrared glasses.
(c) Measuring static electricity.
(d) Particle detector.

3. Officials propose to protect Hilo, Hawaii's second-largest city and port, against lava flows through what?
(a) Plexiglass shields.
(b) Relocation.
(c) Barriers.
(d) Careful monitoring.

4. What childhood fear does Magnus Magnusson share with the author?
(a) Iceland will break in half.
(b) Heimaey will become a ghost town.
(c) Vestmannaeyjar will fall into the sea.
(d) Helgafell will erupt.

5. Over two centuries of recorded history, Mauna Loa erupts how often on average?
(a) Twice a year.
(b) Every twelve years.
(c) Every three and a half years.
(d) Three times a year.

Short Answer Questions

1. How much water is pumped onto a lava field directly in the path of the moving mountain headed towards Heimaey's town and harbor?

2. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?

3. How do the returning residents benefit from the cooled but still hot lava rocks on Vestmannaeyjar?

4. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:

5. In "Cooling the Lava," when the author redirects his conversation to Hawaii he talks about the The Hawaiian Research Association which formed in:

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

2. Describe how Heimaey residents are evacuated following the eruptions that begin unexpectedly in 1973.

3. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

4. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

5. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

6. What is the "City Flow?"

7. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

8. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

9. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

10. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

(see the answer keys)

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