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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Halberstam say happened when control shifted out of Taylor's hands in March and April 1965?
(a) Reports began to describe American troops' atrocities.
(b) Reports began to reduce estimations of Vietcong troop strength.
(c) Reports began to be issued with greater frequency.
(d) Reports began to be closer to actual realities.

2. What does Halberstam say was the result of Johnson's method of planning for the war?
(a) He was compelled to water down his plans to accommodate his advisers' pet projects.
(b) He never raised taxes to pay for the war.
(c) He missed opportunities to let his generals take actions that might have been decisive.
(d) He often took the most effective actions.

3. Whose staff does Halberstam say outlined three responses to the American bombing campaign?
(a) General Harkin.
(b) General Westmoreland.
(c) McGeorge Bundy.
(d) Maxwell Taylor.

4. The war continued until which President took office?
(a) Reagan.
(b) Nixon.
(c) Carter.
(d) Ford.

5. What evidence does Halberstam say the President was presented with to make the case for bombing?
(a) U.S. soldiers' atrocities.
(b) Test results from the bomb manufacturers.
(c) U.S. soldiers' casualty rates.
(d) Jobs reports in districts where bombs were manufactured.

Short Answer Questions

1. What stance does Halberstam say the administration took as the public sentiment deteriorated?

2. What does Halberstam say happened to Diem and Nhu after they fled?

3. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Gulf of Tonkin incident?

4. Who did President Johnson send to Vietnam to investigate the situation there?

5. What problem does Halberstam say Maxwell Taylor had in Vietnam?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was President Johnson's position regarding Vietnam in the early days of his presidency?

2. Who expressed doubt about the Vietnam war, and what happened to their opposition?

3. What was Dean Rusk's role in Vietnam after Kennedy's assassination?

4. What was the military's position on bombing North Vietnam?

5. What does Halberstam say McNamara found in Vietnam when the Johnson administration took over?

6. How did the reality of the war become public information?

7. What does Halberstam say became clear to the American government after Diem's death?

8. What does Halberstam say was Johnson's approach to paying for the war?

9. Who was interested in overthrowing Diem?

10. What was the result of the first direct confrontation with Vietcong and American troops?

(see the answer keys)

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