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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What stance does Halberstam say the administration took as the public sentiment deteriorated?
(a) It became more removed.
(b) It became less forthcoming.
(c) It became more defensive.
(d) It became more repressive.

2. What does Halberstam say was the result of the Spring Offensive?
(a) General Westmoreland raised troop levels to 200,000.
(b) American troop levels were reduced to 20,000.
(c) The military employed more bombers.
(d) General Harkin withdrew from his post.

3. Who was the only administration insider arguing against escalation?
(a) Averell Harriman.
(b) Maxwell Taylor.
(c) McGeorge Bundy.
(d) George Ball.

4. What does Halberstam say affected the American attitude toward the war?
(a) The American election schedule.
(b) The American media coverage.
(c) International resistance to the war.
(d) The civil rights struggle in America.

5. How does Halberstam say the Americans responded when the Vietcong attacked Pleiku?
(a) They decided to retaliate.
(b) They put more troops on the ground.
(c) They decided to reevaluate their strategy.
(d) They decided to withdraw.

6. Who does Halberstam say eventually took on the role of setting the tone for Vietnam policy?
(a) Rusk.
(b) Bundy.
(c) Harriman.
(d) Taylor.

7. Who was in charge of the operation code named 34A?
(a) McGeorge Bundy.
(b) Averell Harriman.
(c) General Westmoreland.
(d) General Harkins.

8. When does Halberstam say the President's thinking about bombing began to change?
(a) After the media began to carry explicit photos from the front.
(b) After the Vietcong attack on Qui Nhon.
(c) After the 1964 elections.
(d) After he realized that Khanh was not an effective leader.

9. Why did President Johnson authorize bombing attacks on North Vietnam, in Halberstam's account?
(a) He believed that if Vietnam went Communist, the rest of the region would turn Communist as well.
(b) He thought that an overwhelming display of force would convince other nations in the region to accept American influence.
(c) He thought that bombing was a final resort, and after it failed, he could strategically withdraw.
(d) He thought that breaking Vietcong resistance would create trade opportunities for American companies.

10. What does Halberstam say was Lyndon Johnson's feeling about the coup?
(a) He proposed it.
(b) He opposed it.
(c) He turned a blind eye to it.
(d) He endorsed it.

11. What problem does Halberstam say Maxwell Taylor had in Vietnam?
(a) Taylor could not control things like he had elsewhere.
(b) Taylor could not convince his superiors that conditions were bad.
(c) Taylor could not get honest reporting.
(d) Taylor could not understand how the Vietcong withstood the bombings.

12. The war continued until which President took office?
(a) Ford.
(b) Nixon.
(c) Carter.
(d) Reagan.

13. Who does Halberstam say remained loyal to Diem when the coup began?
(a) The people.
(b) The Palace Guard.
(c) The southern part of the country.
(d) The merchants.

14. What does Halberstam say happened to Diem and Nhu after they fled?
(a) They were captured and killed.
(b) They reached America and settled there.
(c) They were granted haven in Japan.
(d) They returned to power.

15. What was the outcome of the first confrontation between Vietcong and U.S. troops?
(a) 1,200 Vietcong casualties and 200 American casualties.
(b) 900 Vietcong casualties and 450 American casualties.
(c) 600 Vietcong casualties and no American casualties.
(d) 2,000 Vietcong casualties and 60 American casualties.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was named commander of American forces in Vietnam in June 1964?

2. What does Halberstam say General Westmoreland was projecting after 1965?

3. What position did Maxwell Taylor begin to support as a result of his late 1964 trip to Vietnam?

4. What does Halberstam say the Kennedy administration found out after the coup?

5. What does Halberstam say was the military's opinion after the start of Rolling Thunder?

(see the answer keys)

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