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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the study completed in 1984, what other function do the odor glands fulfill in ant colonies?
(a) Nesting map.
(b) Water preservation.
(c) Food storage.
(d) Enemy alarm.

2. Which of the following is NOT a group of insects?
(a) Diptera.
(b) Coleoptera.
(c) Philliotera.
(d) Hymenoptera.

3. What type of hierarchy does Wilson use to describe an ant colony?
(a) Dense hierarchy.
(b) Veiled hierarchy.
(c) Subliminal hierarchy.
(d) Functional hierarchy.

4. Which of the following species of ants is NOT considered territorial?
(a) Honeypot ants.
(b) Weaver ants.
(c) Harvesting ants.
(d) Leaf cutter ants.

5. Which of the following species of ants performed poorest during a study of group transportation?
(a) Ecitoninae.
(b) Dorylinae.
(c) Ponerinae.
(d) Leptanillinae.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many grades does Evans give for the behavior variation of ants?

2. How do the heads of major workers compare to the heads of minor workers?

3. Which of the following is NOT a theory associated with sociobiology?

4. On what continent is there a species of ants that can explode their abdomens in a suicidal attempt to entrap their predators?

5. How long do Idaho harvester ants typically live after they begin foraging?

Short Essay Questions

1. What controversy surrounds the ant fossil discovered in the Victoria, Australia by Jell and Duncan in 1986?

2. How is altruistic behavior in ant colonies defined?

3. How does Wilson argue the Paleozoic Era changed insects?

4. Why are caste systems often used within ant colonies?

5. What are the most common ways through with an ant colony becomes polygynus?

6. How has the rearing of isolated ant larvae affected scientists' understanding of reductionism?

7. Why does Wilson think vertebrate animals are heavily favored in science books?

8. What are some of the ways ant colonies control the numbers of queens present in their colony?

9. What factors affect the success of foraging within an ant colony?

10. What claim of colony odor did scientists Jaffe and Sanchez make in 1984?

(see the answer keys)

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