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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the one nation Hobsbawm says could have been considered industrialized in 1848?
(a) Russia.
(b) France.
(c) America.
(d) Britain.

2. What was Chartism?
(a) A movement to abolish the monarchy in Prussia.
(b) A movement that called for election and parliamentary reform.
(c) A movement to send workers to domesticate unexplored territories.
(d) A movement to unify the workers of the world.

3. Why did places that had not been conquered by France reform their land use, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) They were inspired by France's example.
(b) They didn't want to be left behind as other countries reformed.
(c) They saw the benefits of reforming land use.
(d) They were afraid of their peasantry rising up.

4. What did working-class organizers promise the workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew wider?
(a) A permanent change in society that recognized their importance as the source of all wealth.
(b) Power to rule in the aristocrats' place, with all of the aristocrats' luxuries.
(c) Equal representation in legislative and judiciary functions of government.
(d) Ownership of the means of production.

5. What did the land have to be turned into before it could be developed economically, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) Feudal domains.
(b) Farmland again, after years of being battefields.
(c) A commodity that could be bought and sold.
(d) A tamed beast.

6. How religious does Hobsbawm say the working classes were, by modern standards?
(a) Not religious at all.
(b) Still quite religious.
(c) Devoutly religious, as before.
(d) More radical than before.

7. In what respect does Hobsbawm say that Britain was well-situated as industrialism expanded?
(a) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to capitalize on other nations' industrialization.
(b) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to open new trade routes with Asia.
(c) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to take the role of supreme military leader.
(d) Hobsbawm says that Britain was well-situated to adopt the new technologies and grow its economy.

8. How does Hobsbawm describe the traditional system of agriculture?
(a) As a hindrance to economic growth.
(b) As a legacy of improvements.
(c) As the foundation for industrialism.
(d) As a backwards set of superstitions.

9. What began to emerge as production and industry grew in the early 1800s?
(a) Religious persecution.
(b) Suburbs.
(c) An international slave trade.
(d) Industrial centers.

10. How did this social structure change in the years after the Napoleonic Wars?
(a) It developed into radical socialism.
(b) It merged into the old aristocracy.
(c) It developed into trade unionism.
(d) It expanded its reach into all aspects of French culture.

11. What developed in other European countries, but not in France?
(a) Militarism.
(b) Nationalism.
(c) An export market for luxury items.
(d) A market for common goods.

12. What does Hobsbawm say had to happen to the land before its economic potential could be unleashed?
(a) The population needed to expand.
(b) It had to be freed from large owners.
(c) The temperature of Europe had to rise one degree.
(d) The scientific understanding needed to evolve that would let farmers work the land more efficiently.

13. What were the three paths for a member of the working poor during the mid-1800s?
(a) Immigrate to America, move to a city, or suffer in poverty.
(b) Suffer in poverty, elevate themselves to the middle class, or rebel.
(c) The working poor did not have options, as a whole.
(d) Remain in the place of their birth, emigrate, or start a busines of their own.

14. How was the European population changing that made it possible for art to flourish during the Age of Revolution?
(a) The upper classes had more disposable income.
(b) People were wealthier.
(c) The upper classes could travel to artistic centers to buy art.
(d) People were more literate.

15. What caused the middle class ideology to decline, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) It was vulgarized by business interests.
(b) The advent of monopolies.
(c) Communism was taking hold.
(d) Cutthroat capitalist competition.

Short Answer Questions

1. What contrast became very clear as industrialism developed in Europe?

2. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?

3. What was the consequence of British land reforms in India?

4. Which musician did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?

5. What tool did the upper classes use to discriminate against the working poor?

(see the answer keys)

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