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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Hobsbawm characterize the change in the way that people related to the land, and the way land was related to the economy?
(a) As the least recognized phenomenon of the period.
(b) As the most catastrophic phenomenon of the period.
(c) As the least forgivable development of the period.
(d) As the most lucrative development of the period.

2. Why were Jews particularly well-suited to take advantage of opportunities to join the new middle class?
(a) They lived in centers of trade.
(b) They were typically well-versed in science and technology.
(c) They were already largely urbanized.
(d) They were established financiers.

3. What was the state of science in the period after the French Revolution?
(a) It was developing slowly behind philosophy and literature.
(b) It still held that the world was flat.
(c) It was still riddled with superstitions and religious stories.
(d) It was advancing and clashing with the church.

4. In what way, in Hobsbawm's account, did the nobility use religion?
(a) As a source of stability and legitimacy.
(b) As a club to keep the lower classes down.
(c) As a prop to demonstrate their conspicuous leisure.
(d) As an expensive charity to donate to.

5. Which musician did NOT rise to prominence during the Age of Revolution?
(a) Bach.
(b) Schumann.
(c) Schubert.
(d) Beethoven.

6. Who were the working poor typically rebelling against, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) The middle class as much as the elite.
(b) The monarchy.
(c) Workers in other nations.
(d) The aristocracy.

7. What figure does Hobsbawm say emerged from Romanticism?
(a) The fertile woman.
(b) The lonely old man.
(c) The exiled emperor.
(d) The alienated genius.

8. What did working-class organizers promise the workers, as the gap between rich and poor grew wider?
(a) A permanent change in society that recognized their importance as the source of all wealth.
(b) Equal representation in legislative and judiciary functions of government.
(c) Power to rule in the aristocrats' place, with all of the aristocrats' luxuries.
(d) Ownership of the means of production.

9. Which class was Romanticism popular among, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) The bureaucracy.
(b) The aristocracy.
(c) The working poor.
(d) The middle class.

10. What was Chartism?
(a) A movement to unify the workers of the world.
(b) A movement to abolish the monarchy in Prussia.
(c) A movement that called for election and parliamentary reform.
(d) A movement to send workers to domesticate unexplored territories.

11. What social structure attended the profession that emerged in France as a result of Napoleon?
(a) A plutocracy.
(b) A new aristocracy.
(c) A hierarchical bureaucracy.
(d) An oligarchy.

12. How did this social structure change in the years after the Napoleonic Wars?
(a) It developed into radical socialism.
(b) It developed into trade unionism.
(c) It merged into the old aristocracy.
(d) It expanded its reach into all aspects of French culture.

13. What did Hobsbawm find in conservative thinking of the period?
(a) Hobsbawm did not find much of value.
(b) A strong tradition, in literature in particular.
(c) Myriad alternatives to industrialization.
(d) The beginnings of fascism.

14. What was the consequence of French land reforms in North Africa, in Hobsbawm's account?
(a) They brought civilization to North Africa for the first time.
(b) They installed local officials as a new aristocracy.
(c) They created a discontented class of people who eventually revolted.
(d) They stripped away the wealth of the North African countries.

15. What did the land have to be turned into before it could be developed economically, in Hobsbawm's opinion?
(a) Farmland again, after years of being battefields.
(b) A tamed beast.
(c) A commodity that could be bought and sold.
(d) Feudal domains.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the new view hold that was spreading through Europe?

2. What did France produce as other countries' economies changed?

3. Why were the working poor treated with contempt as a new social structure evolved in Europe?

4. What was the consequence of British land reforms in India?

5. What contrast became very clear as industrialism developed in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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