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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York froze $215 million worth of Afghan ________.
(a) Gold.
(b) Platinum.
(c) Silver.
(d) Bronze.

2. The American intelligence apparatus launched a full-press effort to disrupt suspected ________ plots.
(a) Al-Qaeda.
(b) Fatah al-Islam.
(c) Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
(d) Armed Islamic Group.

3. ________ increasingly became the province of non-sate actors during the 1980s and 1990s?
(a) Terrorism.
(b) Civil war.
(c) World war.
(d) Armed conflict.

4. What federal government was perhaps the least well-equipped branch of government to deal with terrorism?
(a) Judicial branch.
(b) Congress.
(c) Mayor.
(d) U.S. military.

5. Who joined with the U.S. and launched a joint diplomatic campaign to persuade the Taliban to expel Bin Laden?
(a) England.
(b) Afghantistan.
(c) India.
(d) The Saudis.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is EMPTA?

2. Who ordered the National Security Council to coordinate a response against the terrorist who bombed the World Trade Center's parking garage?

3. Who issued two Presidential Decision Directives in 1995 and 1998 reiterating that terrorism was a national security threat and not simply a law enforcement issue?

4. Between 1996 and September 11, 2001, Afghanistan became a kind of international headquarters of __________.

5. Who offered to attack Bin Laden's Derunta training camp in December 1999?

Short Essay Questions

1. In early August 1999, the FAA's Civil Aviation Security Intelligence office summarized the Bin Laden hijacking threat. Why did the FAA analysts judge such an operation unlikely?

2. What is the President of the United States required by law to ensure to the Intelligence Committees?

3. What three factors worked against successful communication among FDNY personnel?

4. What was the "Hamburg Group" instructed by Bin Laden to do? What did the "Hamburg Group" end up doing instead? Why did the "Hamburg Group" not do what Bin Laden instructed them to do?

5. Why was at least one (1) plan for invading Afghanistan with ground troops prior to 9/11 banned?

6. Why did President Clinton not mention Bin Laden or al-Qaeda by name when he spoke to the public about the looming threat of terrorism and WMD's?

7. As the year 2000 approached, what were the U.S. citizens concerned with?

8. Why did an agent at the FBI's Phoenix office sent a memo to FBI headquarters? What did this memo speculate? Did top officials act on this memo?

9. Why did the 9/11 hijackers travel extensively cross-country in the Spring/Summer of 2001?

10. Describe the training most of the hijackers received in Afghanistan. Who oversaw these trainings? What techniques did the hijackers learn?

(see the answer keys)

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