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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Forces are usually drawn into the "horns of a dilemma" in what way?
(a) Through insufficient supply-lines.
(b) For legitimate strategic reasons.
(c) Through failures of intelligence and planning.
(d) As a result of hot-headed leadership.

2. Infiltration tactics are based on what principle?
(a) Attacking a single objective behind enemy lines relentlessly.
(b) Stealth and surprise.
(c) Attacking along a route that can lead to many possible objectives.
(d) Mobility and speed.

3. About how many soldiers did the Italians lose in their two and a half years of fighting in the First World War?
(a) Two-hundred thousand.
(b) One-hundred thousand.
(c) One million.
(d) Five-hundred thousand.

4. What was Napoleon able to accomplish that Hitler could not?
(a) He conquered Russia.
(b) Non-French people were happy to live under his rule.
(c) He matched England's naval dominance.
(d) He ended his war peacefully.

5. What is meant by "strength faces strength"?
(a) Heavy weapons and armor demand equally heavy arms in order to oppose.
(b) Armies will generally concentrate forces near each other.
(c) Strong nations only engage other strong nations.
(d) An army's front should always face the front of the opposing army.

6. How did Hitler secure the loyalty of the commanders serving under him?
(a) He used flattery and praise liberally.
(b) He consistently followed through with his word.
(c) He gave them generous promotions and money.
(d) He put them in positions they were suited for.

7. How successful were the Austrians in the First World War?
(a) They gained much new territory.
(b) The reconquered previously lost lands.
(c) They did not gain or lose any land.
(d) They lost significant territory.

8. Which important development did Clausewitz overlook in his books?
(a) The machine-gun.
(b) Rifled weapons.
(c) Secret treaties.
(d) Mechanization.

9. What is a "wedge attack" intended to achieve?
(a) The destruction of a fortified location.
(b) The separation of enemy forces.
(c) The wholesale destruction of enemy troops.
(d) The diversion of resources away from the real attack.

10. Which of the following nations was NOT a major player in the war on the eastern front?
(a) Prussia.
(b) Austria.
(c) Russia.
(d) Poland.

11. In the First World War, what was Italy's diplomatic status?
(a) It was allied with Austria and Hungary.
(b) It was allied with France and England.
(c) It remained neutral, but was invaded by both Austria and France.
(d) It successfully remained neutral throughout the war.

12. Overall, what was the state of Hitler's grand strategy?
(a) He constantly fumbled the political side of grand strategy.
(b) He could not handle the responsibility of grand strategy.
(c) He had no idea of the importance of grand strategy.
(d) He had well planned and positioned grand strategy.

13. In general, what was the state of mobility during World War II?
(a) Only amphibious units were mobile to a high degree.
(b) Most forces were too large to be very mobile.
(c) Many forces were extremely mobile and agile.
(d) Only air-supported units were mobile to a high degree.

14. What is one of the main advantages of a large army?
(a) It can provide for itself.
(b) It cannot be defeated except by an equally large force.
(c) It can easily occupy and hold fortified locations.
(d) It can sustain significant loss of life.

15. What was one way that Hitler gained political ascendancy in Germany?
(a) By expelling foreigners.
(b) By paying out welfare whenever possible.
(c) By exploiting in-fighting.
(d) By cutting down on corruption.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Germany's problem in Russia with regards to grand strategy?

2. Clausewitz himself admitted that his books had what flaw?

3. Germany's expansion forced what undesirable condition on it?

4. What is the most essential factor in concentrating forces?

5. Communications are most critical for forces of what size?

(see the answer keys)

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