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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What should be the main purpose of any attack?
(a) Dislocation.
(b) Destroying enemy forces.
(c) Psychological victory.
(d) Attacking enemy supplies.

2. Late in the war, the primary German leader in the east was allowed to employ the indirect method by using what kind of an attack?
(a) A sea assault on Leningrad.
(b) An attack against the Vilna-Dvinsk railway.
(c) A flanking maneuver.
(d) A psychological attack using propaganda.

3. Which of the following is true regarding Hitler's preparations and planning?
(a) He never made plans ahead of time.
(b) He never recorded his plans.
(c) He made countless back-up and contingency plans.
(d) He wrote and disclosed his plans far ahead of time.

4. In general, what was the state of mobility during World War II?
(a) Only amphibious units were mobile to a high degree.
(b) Only air-supported units were mobile to a high degree.
(c) Many forces were extremely mobile and agile.
(d) Most forces were too large to be very mobile.

5. Which nation did Russia decide to focus their efforts on first?
(a) Germany.
(b) Romania.
(c) Prussia.
(d) Austria.

6. What was England's primary strength throughout the First World War?
(a) Its tanks.
(b) Its army.
(c) Its airforce.
(d) Its navy.

7. In what strategic realm did Hitler fail?
(a) Grand strategy.
(b) Local strategy.
(c) Strategy of tactical movements.
(d) Strategy of diplomatic measures.

8. What is one of the main advantages of a large army?
(a) It can easily occupy and hold fortified locations.
(b) It can provide for itself.
(c) It can sustain significant loss of life.
(d) It cannot be defeated except by an equally large force.

9. Germany's expansion forced what undesirable condition on it?
(a) It was fighting at maximum effort on two fronts.
(b) It had no allies nearby.
(c) Communications became impossible.
(d) It had too few usable ports.

10. In the author's view, a battle that results in massive casualties and the temporary gain of an objective is best described as which of the following?
(a) A disaster.
(b) An indirect method.
(c) An indecisive result.
(d) A decisive result.

11. Who was the main German commander on the eastern front?
(a) Guderian.
(b) Nicholas.
(c) Ludendorff.
(d) Clausewitz.

12. What bias are generals likely to carry during war councils?
(a) They favor the armies and fronts under their command.
(b) They trust their own superiors rather than the high command.
(c) They are usually concerned about their careers more than victory.
(d) They do not want to use thier own forces in an offensive.

13. According to the author, how should formations be arranged?
(a) In the way that most confuses the enemy.
(b) In a way that allows for rapid adjustments.
(c) With the best troops handling the most fighting.
(d) According to the design of unit commanders.

14. What is meant by "flexibility" in strategic terms?
(a) Forces should stay mobile.
(b) Forces should be composed of a wide variety of troop types.
(c) Commanders should be ready for any attack.
(d) Goals should be adjusted to meet current means.

15. What is meant by "strength faces strength"?
(a) Heavy weapons and armor demand equally heavy arms in order to oppose.
(b) Armies will generally concentrate forces near each other.
(c) Strong nations only engage other strong nations.
(d) An army's front should always face the front of the opposing army.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Napoleon able to accomplish that Hitler could not?

2. "Limited aim" strategy generally precludes what type of outcome?

3. Turkey's strategies are most similar to those of what military leader?

4. "National object" is best defined as the final goal in what field?

5. About how many soldiers did the Italians lose in their two and a half years of fighting in the First World War?

(see the answer keys)

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