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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What percentage of African Americans were still in bondage in 1860?
(a) 60%.
(b) 70%.
(c) 80%.
(d) 90%.

2. W.E.B. Du Bois expressed in 1960 that he and his colleagues at Harvard in the 1920s had viewed themselves as "combatants" (199) in a war of what kind?
(a) Culture.
(b) Race.
(c) Society.
(d) Economy.

3. In what country did advertising images of black people acknowledge the possibility of white women being attracted to black men?
(a) Greece.
(b) France.
(c) Canada.
(d) Mexico.

4. What aspect of the African American male identity could not be contained, according to people opposing miscegenation?
(a) Intelligence.
(b) Physical strength.
(c) A thirst for homicide.
(d) Sexuality.

5. What was the approximate population of African Americans within the United States in 1920?
(a) 10,000,000.
(b) 80,000,000.
(c) 30,000,000.
(d) 50,000,000.

Short Answer Questions

1. Besides including a photograph of lynched men, what other element does the postcard entitled "The Dogwood Tree" (136) include?

2. What emotion did works of Sambo art seek to inspire in their audiences?

3. For how many years did the period of Reconstruction last?

4. In what year was the essay entitled "The Conservation of Races" published?

5. In what decade was the image of the "New Negro" (127) put forth by African Americans in order to counteract the effects of "representational oppression" (127)?

Short Essay Questions

1. Name at least five qualities of an ideal member of the New Negro movement, according to the perspective of its members?

2. Discuss the two forms of what Gates and others call "neo-slavery" (186).

3. What was the sole reason for whites' wide distribution of racist images of African Americans in the late-nineteenth century?

4. What examples does Gates provide for his claim that the "postwar American collective unconscious" was for a time "projected onto a host of everyday, ordinary consumer objects" (132)?

5. Discuss the significance of Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise speech.

6. What was the intended goal of the group who launched the New Negro movement?

7. Explain the concept of the Talented Tenth advocated by W.E.B. Du Bois.

8. For what purpose does Gates present the experience of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie within Part Three: Framing Blackness?

9. What does Gates mean when he discusses the way in which the collective image of the African American in 1890s popular culture functioned like a visual mantra?

10. How does Barbara Johnson define a stereotype and why does Gates consider her definition useful?

(see the answer keys)

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