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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Hungarian protesters use one of Cicero's phrases to protest the rewrite of the constitution?

2. When did the Gauls destroy Rome?

3. To what date did the list of consuls go back?

4. On what river is Rome?

5. How much wheat would the army that the Romans and their allies fielded at Cannae have required daily?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Rome like in 63 BCE?

2. What symbol revealed the change in Rome's relationship with the outside world in the early fourth century BCE?

3. What was the story of Aeneas founding Rome?

4. Who were some well-known descendants of Barbatus?

5. According to Livy, who were the kings of Rome?

6. Why is Ancient Rome important?

7. How did Romulus get women for his city according to Livy?

8. According to Roman tradition, when was the Temple of Jupiter established and why?

9. How was Romulus said to die?

10. What does SPQR stand for and mean?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The elite and the working class had different views of working for a wage. How did the elite view working for a wage? How did the working class view working for a wage? What do the views of the elite and the working class reveal about work and identity in Rome?

Essay Topic 2

Rome had no system of primogeniture. How does primogeniture help resolve issues of succession? Did Rome have a system of succession? What were the challenges of succession for emperors?

Essay Topic 3

The Roman Republic ended when Caesar gained absolute power of Rome. What were some causes that ended the Republic? Why did the Republic fail and end?

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