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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Plato's concept of the dichotomy of the body and soul provide the foundation for, according to Emerson?
(a) Christianity's monotheism.
(b) Paganism's polytheism.
(c) America's bipartisanism.
(d) The afterlife.

2. Which of the following is the best and most efficient type of economy for man, according to Emerson?
(a) Public bureaucracy.
(b) Democratic republic.
(c) Private enterprise.
(d) Enlightened socialism.

3. According to Emerson, heroism is the unwavering determination to do the right thing combined with a supremely ______.
(a) Hearty spirit.
(b) Balanced mind.
(c) Strong body.
(d) Good heart.

4. What does Emerson link with transcendentalism in "The Transcendentalist"?
(a) Christianity.
(b) Islam.
(c) Native American practices.
(d) Buddhism.

5. According to "Compensation", which of the following is NOT one of the realms mentioned that achieves a balance between positive and negative forces?
(a) Spiritual.
(b) Societal.
(c) Natural.
(d) Human.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Plato emphasize over the body, according to "Plato, or the Philosopher"?

2. Who can too often judge and categorize art and literature, according to "The Poet"?

3. What is the direction of nature and human consciousness?

4. What year is the focus of "New England Reformers"?

5. According to "Self-Reliance", the important thing is to be one's ______.

Short Essay Questions

1. What three categories of people does prudence manifest itself into, according to "Prudence"?

2. What happens when we admire someone, according to "Nominalist and Realist"?

3. According to "Nature", what is the role of nature?

4. According to "Experience", why do most people not recognize the changes in their lives until they are looking in retrospect?

5. According to "Art", from where does all art evolve? What is its purpose?

6. What does Emerson say about private enterprise in "New England Reformers"? Based on "New England Reformers", what political party is parallel to Emerson's views?

7. According to "Manners", what people are permitted latitude in their manners?

8. What are the two qualifications for a good gift, according to "Gifts"?

9. What is the benefit of friendship, according to "Friendship"? What is the irony in Emerson's essay?

10. What two major failings of the church does Emerson explain in "An Address"?

(see the answer keys)

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