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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the categories Emerson divides the world into?
(a) Commodity.
(b) Beauty.
(c) Truth.
(d) Language.

2. What is the subject of "An Address"?
(a) Religion.
(b) Nature.
(c) Politics.
(d) Academics.

3. Who said, "Do not flatter your benefactors"?
(a) An unnamed Indian guru.
(b) The Buddha.
(c) Benjamin Franklin.
(d) Jesus Christ.

4. What kind of friendship does Emerson prefer?
(a) A rough kind of friendship.
(b) A friendship that is "evenly matched."
(c) A long-distance friendship.
(d) An intellectual friendship.

5. According to "Self-Reliance", what can bring you peace?
(a) Nothing but nature.
(b) Nothing but yourself.
(c) Nothing but independence.
(d) Nothing but God.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does true friendship require, according to Emerson?

2. Whom does Emerson especially urge to experience their own heroism?

3. In what year was Plato born?

4. What is the purpose of manners, according to Emerson's "Manners"?

5. What is the function of art, according to Emerson?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is each person's vocation discovered, according to "Spiritual Laws"? How is one's potential realized?

2. What two problems with communion does Emerson explain at the end of "The Lord's Supper"?

3. Explain what is mirrored in "Intellect". What does this yield?

4. According to "Compensation", how does nature maintain balance? How can one maintain balance on earth?

5. What two major failings of the church does Emerson explain in "An Address"?

6. What do the nominalists and realists each have on their sides, according to Emerson?

7. What is transcendentalism, according to "Nature"?

8. According to "The Poet", what is the effect of poets speaking the truth? How do poets speak the truth?

9. According to "Experience", why do most people not recognize the changes in their lives until they are looking in retrospect?

10. According to "New England Reformers", what does a reformist attitude challenge?

(see the answer keys)

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