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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What danger does Cicero foresee despite preparing his case against Verres so well?

2. Why is Cicero trying to persuade Tiro from traveling?

3. According to the twenty-first letter, what is Cicero's reaction to the speech which he heard?

4. What did Cicero propose to the recipient of the first letter?

5. What is at stake if Lucius refuses to identify himself with the cause of Roman freedom, according to the final letter?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Cicero complain about in the fourth letter?

2. Who wrote the eighth letter and to whom was it written?

3. What did Cicero learn from trustworthy sources concerning his candidacy to aedile, according to his eighth argument?

4. How does Cicero's opinion of Brutus change between the sixteenth and twenty-first letter?

5. Why didn't Verres' plan to bribe the judge succeed?

6. According to Cicero in his second argument, what is the relationship like between Cicero and Verres prior to the trial?

7. What is Cicero writing about in the seventh letter?

8. What concern does Cicero express in his second letter?

9. Who is Cicero's contestant in the court in his tenth argument?

10. What event does Cicero relate to Atticus in letters ten and eleven?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Cato consoles the elderly for losing strength in old age. Cato admits that he lost strength, but he has retained some. He emphasizes how one should continue to engage in activities in order to gather strength. Analyze how one might gather strength from another and give examples to support your arguments.

Essay Topic 2

Cicero discusses the Stoic ideal and how important it is to live consistently with nature and moral rightness by doing what nature demands. Analyze what nature demands and how doing right always brings about good. Provide examples from the book to support your discussion.

Essay Topic 3

Cicero maintains that it is unnatural to do wrong and argues that it disrupts the body. Analyze this argument and how wrong disrupts society and one's body. Examine whether the wrong disrupts the body. Students should use examples from the text to support your discussion.

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