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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In Chapter 4, what is the name of the group of financiers who obtained from the French government the right to collect taxes?
(a) Tax farm.
(b) Tax lawyer.
(c) Personal tax assistant.
(d) Fixed sum.

2. According to the narrator in Chapter 6, who coined the term physiocratie?
(a) La Riviere.
(b) Pmpadour.
(c) Mirabeau.
(d) Nemours.

3. The reintroduction of atomism into chemistry was accomplished by a meteorologist, ________, who became a chemist only when he saw the implications for chemistry of his ideas about the atmosphere.
(a) John Dalton.
(b) Berthollet.
(c) Black.
(d) Lavoisier.

4. Robert Whytt and Charles Aston studied the properties of ________ and ________ according, to the narrator in Chapter 4.
(a) Quicklime / limewater.
(b) Lemonlime / electrical heat.
(c) Magnesium citrate / quicklime.
(d) Boiling water / freezing water.

5. In his dialogue "D'Alembert's Dream," Diderot brought together the ideas of all of the following individuals except for whom?
(a) Buffon.
(b) Toland.
(c) Maupertuis.
(d) Trembley.

Short Answer Questions

1. Of all the prize papers, Rousseau's ________, written for the prize offered by the Dijon Academy in 1750, has had the most lasting fame, according to the narrator in Chapter 6.

2. Before 1740, the standard authorities in physiology were all of the following individuals except for whom?

3. Natural theology in England continued well into the nineteenth century, where it finally encountered its nemesis in ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.

4. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.

5. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Antoine de Jussieu, and Carl Linnaeus were considered ________, according to the narrator in Chapter 5.

Short Essay Questions

1. Briefly discuss Jean Senebier's interpretation of Ingen-Housz's explanation of how plants produced oxygen.

2. What two other academic chores brought the problem of combustion to Lavoisier's attention?

3. What was Turgot's theory of expansibility?

4. Discuss Turgot's version of the science of man.

5. Explain the importance of electricity producing muscle contractions.

6. Briefly explain Joseph Black as described in Chapter 4.

7. Describe the three primary kinds of governments Montesquieu distinguished between in Chapter 6.

8. Who were the physiocrats? Explain.

9. What were a couple ways to promote the science of man according to Chapter 6?

10. Briefly discuss Georg Stahl and his impact on living matter.

(see the answer keys)

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