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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The ________ greatly increased the demand for certain chemical products, such as alkalis and mineral acids, and the search for improved methods of manufacture resulted in new chemical techniques in metallurgy, ceramics, and textiles, especially in textile dyeing and bleaching.
(a) World War II.
(b) Great Depression.
(c) Industrial Revolution.
(d) French Revolution.

2. Van Helmont had proposed an ________ in the stomach that he believed to be the innermost essence of life and that acted by fermentation.
(a) Axolotl.
(b) Archaeus.
(c) Nasalis.
(d) Myxini.

3. The period that we call the Enlightenment ended with whom according to the narrator in Chapter 6?
(a) Condorcet.
(b) D'Alembert.
(c) Lafayette.
(d) Rousseau.

4. Chapter 5 states that ________ means an inquiry or investigation into nature.
(a) Neurology.
(b) Naturology.
(c) Natural history.
(d) Physiology.

5. Chapter 5 reveals that in ________, natural theology declined after 1750 as a result of the anti-religious sentiment of the Enlightenment.
(a) France.
(b) Germany.
(c) England.
(d) America.

6. Which of the following Rousseau's book on education begins: "All is good as it leaves the hands of the author of things"?
(a) Emile.
(b) Encyclopedie.
(c) Search for Truth.
(d) Vis Viva.

7. According to the narrator in Chapter 6, who coined the term physiocratie?
(a) La Riviere.
(b) Pmpadour.
(c) Mirabeau.
(d) Nemours.

8. The narrator explains that the most important elements for the Chemical Revolution were ________ and ________.
(a) Fire / Earth.
(b) Air / fire.
(c) Earth / Water.
(d) Air / Earth.

9. Chapter 6 explains ________ requires a science of man that uses methods comparable to those of the physical sciences.
(a) Social science.
(b) Psychology.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Scientology.

10. Who opened his "Spirit of the Laws" with a definition of law in Chapter 6?
(a) Hume.
(b) Rousseau.
(c) Montesquieu.
(d) Voltaire.

11. Who argued in Chapter 6 that although men did not enjoy equal abilities, they did have the same natural rights, and it was therefore incumbent on the government to allow individuals to pursue their own best interests to the extent that they could without infringing on the natural rights of others?
(a) La Riviere.
(b) Voltaire.
(c) Quesnay.
(d) Descarte.

12. The narrator reveals that Lavoisier heated water gently for ________days in a "pelican," an apparatus for constant distillation in which the water evaporates, then condenses, and finally runs back to be evaporated again.
(a) 101.
(b) 365.
(c) 30.
(d) 90.

13. D'Alembert, in 1754, through the machinations of his powerful patroness, the ________, became part of the literary French Academy.
(a) Black.
(b) Deffand.
(c) Rousseau.
(d) Condorcet.

14. In February 1744, ________, master apothecary to the French Army, published an article on the red precipitate of mercury "per se" in "Observations sur la physique, sur l'histoire naturelle, et sur les arts."
(a) Macquer.
(b) Bayen.
(c) Lavoisier.
(d) Turgot.

15. All of the following were the leading chemists and medical doctors, according to the beginning of Chapter 4, except for whom?
(a) Rumford.
(b) Stahl.
(c) Black.
(d) Boerhaave.

Short Answer Questions

1. When experimentalists studied electricity, the ________ and the ________ were candidates for study because they both appeared to protect themselves electrically.

2. The reintroduction of atomism into chemistry was accomplished by a meteorologist, ________, who became a chemist only when he saw the implications for chemistry of his ideas about the atmosphere.

3. In Chapter 4, Abbe Condillac claimed that ________ was the best language because it had the best symbols.

4. Haller carried out his famous investigations into the sensibility and irritability of __________, according to Chapter 5.

5. According to the narrator in Chapter 4, who was the most successful searcher for "airs"?

(see the answer keys)

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