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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Contemporary chemistry recognized only one element in the gaseous state, and that was the element _______.
(a) Earth.
(b) Fire.
(c) Air.
(d) Water.

2. The narrator reveals that mathematicians pursued ________, in which the physical object was reduced to a few idealized properties that were capable of quantification.
(a) Rational mechanics.
(b) Synthesis.
(c) Analysis.
(d) Psychology.

3. Who believed that the universe would run down if it were not for God's intervention to renew his creation?
(a) Johnson.
(b) Newton.
(c) Franklin.
(d) Eddison.

4. What was the name of the revolution that was a cultural event associated with Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton?
(a) French Revolution.
(b) Enlightenment Revolution.
(c) Scientific Revolution.
(d) American Revolution.

5. The discipline of physics had originally been created by ________, and it had nothing to do with experiment or quantitative measure nor was it limited to the inorganic world.
(a) Boerhaave.
(b) Newton.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Plato.

6. Who had written a preface to the second edition of the "Principia," supposedly with Newton's blessing, that described gravity as a force acting at a distance without any intervening medium?
(a) Robert Boyle.
(b) James Butler.
(c) Roger Cortes.
(d) Henry Oldenburg.

7. In Chapter 2, what was the name of the shape of a chain suspended between two fixed points?
(a) Tractrix.
(b) Isoperimeters.
(c) Catenary.
(d) Involute.

8. In the early years of the Enlightenment, the strongest support on the Continent for Newton's philosophy came from ________.
(a) Holland.
(b) Italy.
(c) America.
(d) Germany.

9. What was the name of the philosopher who could enthusiastically claim that "the works of Nature everywhere sufficiently evidence a Diety"?
(a) D' Alembert.
(b) John Locke.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Kant.

10. What was the name of the philosopher who had a passion for humanity, a desire to "do good," and a penchant for reform, according to Chapter 1?
(a) Maupertuis.
(b) Newton.
(c) Descartes.
(d) Condorcet.

11. According to Chapter 2, for Newton, ________ consisted in "making experiments and observations and in drawing general Conclusion from them by Induction."
(a) Calculus.
(b) Reason.
(c) Analysis.
(d) Religion.

12. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."
(a) Chatelet.
(b) Maupertuis.
(c) Diderot.
(d) Immanuel Kant.

13. ________'s emphasis on the repulsive or expansive property of air, led naturally to an emphasis on the expansive properties of the even more subtle fluids of heat and electricity.
(a) Boerhaave.
(b) Hales.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Musschenbroek.

14. Madame du Chatelet supported the Leibnizian theory of ________ because it gave a better account of free will.
(a) Religion.
(b) Christianity.
(c) Mechanics.
(d) Physics.

15. The narrator reveals that vis viva was a measure of ________ to conserve his creation while "action" was a measure of his efficiency.
(a) Man's passion.
(b) God's demeanor.
(c) God's desire.
(d) Man's desire.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who came out in support of vis viva in 1722 and concluded that "what was before only a dispute of words now becomes a dispute about real things"?

2. What was the name of the curve traced by the end of a string as it is unwrapped from another curve found in Chapter 2?

3. Who stated in the introduction to their book that, "There are no figures in this book. The methods that I demonstrate here require neither constructions, nor geometrical or mechanical reasoning, but only algebraic operations, subject to a regular and uniform development"?

4. In Chapter 2, what was the name of the path of a body that is dragged over a resisting horizontal surface by a cord of which one end moves along a straight line found?

5. Who became the ablest and most productive mathematician of the eighteenth century, according to the narrator in Chapter 2?

(see the answer keys)

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