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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 1, The Character of the Enlightenment.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was France's greatest hero of the Enlightenment partly because he was from England, the source of free thought and liberty and partly because he had solved the riddle of the planets, showing that their motions obeyed the same laws as motions on earth?
(a) Fontenelle.
(b) Boyle.
(c) Newton.
(d) Swift.

2. The names "biology" and "sociology" were names and fields that were created in what century, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) 19th.
(b) 15th.
(c) 18th.
(d) 17th.

3. What term did Toland invent for the belief that God and nature were one and the same, according to the narrator in Chapter 1?
(a) Deism.
(b) Mechanism.
(c) Academism.
(d) Pantheism.

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, who was one of the originators of the mechanical philosophy who believed there were no forces or powers in matter?
(a) Descartes.
(b) Carnot.
(c) Leibniz.
(d) Bernoulli.

5. What area of science included astronomy, optics, statics, hydraulics, gnomonics, geography, horology, navigation, surveying, and fortification?
(a) Botany.
(b) Geology.
(c) Mixed mathematics.
(d) Meteorology.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which German metaphysician, when asked in 1785 if he believed he lived in an enlightened age, answered, "No, we are living in an age of enlightenment."

2. What was the name of the philosopher who was the leading scientific experimenter in seventeenth-century England, who had agreed that he had never seen any "inanimate production of nature, or of chance, whose contrivance was comparable to that of the meanest limb of the despicabilist animal"?

3. Who claimed a community of atheists could live a completely moral existence, according to Chapter 1 of the book "Science and the Enlightenment"?

4. According to the narrator in Chapter 1, what was the key to a correct method whose model was mathematics?

5. In the hands of ________, history led not to an understanding of God's will but rather to an understanding of human nature.

(see the answer key)

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