3. When stating that "modern science differs from all previous traditions of knowledge in three major ways" (250), Harari states that one quality of modern science is its acquisition of what?

4. The total value of goods and services produced by humans in the year 1500 was how much in 2015 money?

5. Harari uses a discussion of the coin termed "the millares" (173) to illustrate what principle?

Short Essay Questions

1. Analyze Harari's discussion of syncretism and its connection to both contradiction and success.

2. How does Harari define the term "culturism" (303)?

3. According to Harari, how did the Scientific Revolution affect humankind's notion of progress?

4. What is Harari's view of how the Cook expedition marked a turning point within European history?

5. What is the author's view of the existence of an authentic, pure, and untouched culture?

6. What is the definition of the term "memetics" (242) and how do most scholars in the humanities feel about it?

7. What is Harari's message regarding people's tendency to discriminate against outsiders?

8. What is Harari's purpose for alluding to the launching of the Great Survey of India that occurred on "10 April 1802" (297)?

9. When Harari claims that "credit was not invented in modern Europe" (315), what does he say about its origin instead?

10. What evidence does Harari use to demonstrate the profound effect that empires and their belief systems have had on history, even among those cultures that consider themselves anti-imperialist?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How does Yuval Noah Harari's book Sapiens employ the use or rejection of fallacy and how does the inclusion or discussion of fallacy help the author to prove particular points made within the text?