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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the name of the committee in charge of government censorship?
(a) The Comintern.
(b) The Homeland Purity Committee.
(c) The Decembrist Committee.
(d) The Second of April Committee.

2. What features of European culture were missing in Russia in the 1830s and 40s?
(a) Organized opposition parties, a middle class.
(b) Inherited aristocracy.
(c) Industrial cities.
(d) Artists and bohemians.

3. How does Berlin describe Herzen's prose style?
(a) Elaborate.
(b) Leaden.
(c) Dazzling.
(d) Meticulous.

4. How does Berlin describe progressive Romanticism?
(a) Progressive Romantics believed that intellectuals were responsible for the soul of the nation.
(b) Progressive Romantics believed that society was inevitably moving forward.
(c) Progressive Romantics believed that serfs would free themselves through violence.
(d) Progressive Romantics believed that progress was going to come from industry and social reforms.

5. Who was exiled to Siberia because of the trial of a group of conspirators?
(a) Leo Tolstoy.
(b) Nikolai Gogol.
(c) Alexander Pushkin.
(d) Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the Tsar see himself as defending for his country?

2. What value did Herzen and Bakunin share?

3. What was the dominant philosophical movement of the second quarter of the nineteenth century in Russia?

4. Who spread German Romantic philosophy in student circles?

5. What was the result of Russia's "moral quarantine"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What saying of Schelling's represents the relationship of artists to their times in Russian ideology of the mid-nineteenth century?

2. What do foxes and hedgehogs represent in Archilochus' adage, and how does Berlin apply the distinction to Russian thinkers?

3. How did Bakunin react to Hegel's philosophy?

4. Which Russian intellectuals did Pavel Annenkov describe in his memoirs?

5. What was Russia's cultural situation in the 1830s and 40s?

6. What did Russian students learn in German universities?

7. Whose writings had Russian intellectuals and writers primarily been influenced by?

8. Why, according to Berlin, did Tolstoy resist subscribing to a totalizing theory of history?

9. Who was Joseph de Maistre and what ideas did Tolstoy share with him?

10. How did the revolutions of 1848 affect western European intellectuals and Russians differently?

(see the answer keys)

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