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1. Where in Europe were there revolutions in 1848?

There were revolutions in Sicily, France, Italy and Austria, and another in Hungary in 1849.

2. How did Tsar Nicholas respond to the European revolutions of 1848?

The revolutions led Nicholas to abandon reforms, and until he died in 1855, he saw himself as the leader who was defending Russian autocracy, religion and order against reformers' atheism and liberalism. He repressed dissent and unorthodoxy.

3. What conspiracy group did the Second of April Committee unveil, and what was the result of the trial?

The police discovered the Petrachevsky circle, and Dostoevsky was sentenced to internal exile in Siberia for his participation in the discussion group.

4. What was Russia's cultural situation in the 1830s and 40s?

Russia was still a feudal state, without the organized opposition parties, the middle class, the large pool of industrial workers, or the organized workers' parties that existed in Europe.

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