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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What most alarmed the American colonial gentry of the 1760s and 1770s?
(a) That common people were striving to become gentry.
(b) That common people disrespected the gentry.
(c) That their wealth was dependent on common people.
(d) That common people wanted to participate in government.

2. Who said about Americans that their "universal roar is Commerce"?
(a) Philip Freneau.
(b) Oliver Evans.
(c) William Crafts.
(d) Samuel Mitchill.

3. In the 1790s, who proclaimed that every man and woman in every society ought to work?
(a) Parson Weems.
(b) Edward Everett.
(c) Benjamin Rush.
(d) John Adams.

4. When did Americans begin to call for the boycotting of British goods?
(a) When the Patriotic Society was formed.
(b) When the Stamp Act was issued.
(c) When Mechanics Hall became a meeting place.
(d) When artisans in Philadelphia won four city offices.

5. Who said America was "just emerging from the rude unpolished condition of an infant country"?
(a) Joseph Addison.
(b) William Livingston.
(c) George Washington.
(d) Jonathan Mayhew.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the speaker of the House of Burgess in 1766?

2. In 1787, who said America lacked cohesion?

3. When was the Virgina constitution written?

4. What percent of colonial Americans were loyalists?

5. What was the population of America in 1810?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

2. How did the numerous bankruptcies and financial collapses of the 1790s contribute to the democratization of America?

3. Towards the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century, what was the result of Americans believing that every man was his own moral agent who was his own master in all respects and could dispose himself as he wished?

4. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

5. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

6. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

7. What did the American westward movement of the early 19th century do to traditional forms of social organization?

8. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

9. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, why did the revolutionary leaders almost immediately begin to doubt that their hope of a utopian America would be realized?

10. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

(see the answer keys)

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